An assessment of seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations of ambient air quality in the Gurugram city (Haryana)
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Gurugram is emerging as one of India's most advanced cities. The combined impact of industrial and vehicular emissions makes the environment toxic. Recently, Gurugram has experienced severe air quality. In the present work, an assessment of seasonal, monthly, and diurnal variations of ambient air quality was carried out in Gurugram during the period of March 2021 to 2022 February. Seasonal and monthly concentrations of key air pollutants like particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) were examined at Vikas sadan, Gwal Pahari and Teri Gram in Gurugram city to study the most polluted seasons and months. Significantly higher mean concentrations of Particulate matter PM2.5 (406.94 μgm−3) and NO2 (353.96ppb) were seen during the colder months and seasons. O3 showed a consistent trend with variations during the year, with the highest concentration in winter (106.35µg/m3). PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations during the night were greater for all seasons when compared to diurnal values. O3 concentrations displayed diurnal tendencies that were the opposite of those of NO2 concentrations. The highest concentrations of ambient PM2.5, NO2, and CO were observed at the Vikas Sadan Monitoring Station. While the NISE Gwal Pahari station showed greater O3 values. The findings highlight the necessity of efficient air pollution control in Gurugram. To prevent public exposure to air pollutants, preventive measures like green spaces, using public transport, etc. must be adopted. The study contributes to a better understanding of air pollution by seasonal, monthly and diurnal assessment in the city of Gurugram.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Air Quality, Diurnal, Gurugram, Monthly, Seasonal, Variations
References
Airon, A., Kumar, R. & Saifi, R. (2022). Temporal and spatial impact of lockdown during COVID-19 on air quality index in Haryana, India. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 20046. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1595823/v1.
Behera, S. N., Sharma, M., Mishra, P. K., Nayak, P., Damez-Fontaine, B. & Tahon, R. (2015). Passive measurement of NO2 and application of GIS to generate spatially-distributed air monitoring network in urban environment. Urban Climate, 14, 396-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.12.003.
Bhadauria, N., Chauhan, A., Ranjan, R. & Jindal, T. (2022). Variation in aerosol optical depth (AOD), NO2 and tropospheric ozonecolumn during the lockdown period amid COVID-19 pandemic over India. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 34(5), 1105-1112. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23544.
Bodor, Z., Bodor, K., Keresztesi, Á. & Szép, R. (2020). Major air pollutants seasonal variation analysis and long-range transport of PM 10 in an urban environment with specific climate condition in Transylvania (Romania). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 38181-38199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09838-2.
Brown, S. S., Ryerson, T. B., Wollny, A. G., Brock, C. A., Peltier, R., Sullivan, A. P. & Ravishankara, A. R. (2006). Variability in nocturnal nitrogen oxide processing and its role in regional air quality. Science, 311(5757), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120120.
Devara, P. C. S., Sharma, P. B., Joshi, M., Alam, M. P., Dumka, U. C., Tiwari, S. & Srivastava, A. K. (2016). Impact of Road-space-rationing method on regional air quality. Indian Aerosol Science and Technology, 10-20.
Dumka, U. C., Tiwari, S., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Soni, V. K., Safai, P. D. & Attri, S. D. (2019). Aerosol and pollutant characteristics in Delhi during a winter research campaign. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 3771-3794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3885-y.
Guo, H., Kota, S. H., Sahu, S. K., Hu, J., Ying, Q., Gao, A. & Zhang, H. (2017). Source apportionment of PM2. 5 in North India using source-oriented air quality models. Environmental Pollution, 231, 426-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.016.
Gurjar, B. R., Butler, T. M., Lawrence, M. G. & Lelieveld, J. (2008). Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. Atmospheric environment, 42(7), 1593-1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.048.
Hama, S. M., Kumar, P., Harrison, R. M., Bloss, W. J., Khare, M., Mishra, S. & Sharma, C. (2020). Four-year assessment of ambient particulate matter and trace gases in the Delhi-NCR region of India. Sustainable Cities and Society, 54, 102003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.20 19.102003.
Han, Y., Qi, M., Chen, Y., Shen, H., Liu, J., Huang & Y.,Tao, S. (2015). Influences of ambient air PM2. 5 concentration and meteorological condition on the indoor PM2. 5 concentrations in a residential apartment in Beijing using a new approach. Environmental Pollution, 205, 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.026.
He, J., Gong, S., Yu, Y., Yu, L., Wu, L., Mao, H. & Li, R. (2017). Air pollution characteristics and their relation to meteorological conditions during 2014–2015 in major Chinese cities. Environmental pollution, 223, 484-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.050.
Hopke, P. K., Cohen, D. D., Begum, B. A., Biswas, S. K., Ni, B., Pandit, G. G. & Markowicz, A. (2008). Urban air quality in the Asian region. Science of the Total Environment, 404(1), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitote nv.2008.05.039.
Jacob, D. J. (2000). Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone. Atmospheric Environment, 34(12-14), 2131-2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310 (99)00462-8.
Kanawade, V. P., Srivastava, A. K., Ram, K., Asmi, E., Vakkari, V., Soni, V. K. & Sarangi, C. (2020). What caused severe air pollution episode of November 2016 in New Delhi?. Atmospheric Environment, 222, 117125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117125.
Kaushik, C. P., Ravindra, K., Yadav, K., Mehta, S. Haritash, A. K. (2006). Assessment of ambient air quality in urban centres of Haryana (India) in relation to different anthropogenic activities and health risks. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 122, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9161-x.
Kumar, A. & Goyal, P. (2013). Forecasting of air quality index in Delhi using neural network based on principal component analysis. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 711-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0583-4.
Liu, Z., Hu, B., Wang, L., Wu, F., Gao, W. & Wang, Y. (2015). Seasonal and diurnal variation in particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5) at an urban site of Beijing: analyses from a 9-year study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 627-642.: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3347-0.
Luo, H., Han, Y., Lu, C., Yang, J. & Wu, Y. (2019). Characteristics of surface solar radiation under different air pollution conditions over Nanjing, China: observation and simulation. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 36, 1047-1059. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9010-4.
Malik, D. (2014). Assesment of impact of vehicular pollution on ambient air quality: a case study of Gurgaon city (Doctoral dissertation, College of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies).
Nagpure, A.S., Ramaswami, A. & Russell, A. (2015) “Characterizing the spatial and temporal patterns of open burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Indian cities,” Environmental Science & Technology, 49(21), 12904–12912. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03243.
Olise, F. S., Ogundele, L. T., Olajire, M. A. & Owoade, O. K. (2020). Seasonal Variation, pollution indices and trajectory modeling of bio-monitored airborne particulate around two smelting factories in Osun State, Nigeria. Aerosol Science and Engineering, 4, 260-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-020-00070-6.
Ran, L. L. W. L., Lin, W. L., Deji, Y. Z., La, B., Tsering, P. M., Xu, X. B. & Wang, W. (2014). Surface gas pollutants in Lhasa, a highland city of Tibet–current levels and pollution implications. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(19), 10721-10730. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10721-2014.
Sharma, R. C. & Sharma, N. (2016). Influence of some meteorological variables on PM10 and NOx in Gurgaon, Northern India. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(1), 1-6.
Singh, V., Singh, S., Biswal, A., Kesarkar, A. P., Mor, S. & Ravindra, K. (2020). Diurnal and temporal changes in air pollution during COVID-19 strict lockdown over different regions of India. Environmental Pollution, 266,115368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115368.
Suresh, A., Chauhan, D., Othmani, A., Bhadauria, N., Aswin, S., Jose, J. & Mejjad, N. (2020). Diagnostic Comparison of Changes in Air Quality over China before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-30482/v1.
Takemura, T., Nakajima, T., Dubovik, O., Holben, B. N. & Kinne, S. (2002). Single-scattering albedo and radiative forcing of various aerosol species with a global three-dimensional model. Journal of Climate, 15(4), 333-352. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3289-2016.
Wang, S., & Hao, J. (2012). Air quality management in China: Issues, challenges, and optons. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24(1), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60724-9.
Yadav, R., Sahu, L. K., Beig, G., Tripathi, N. & Jaaffrey, S. N. A. (2017). Ambient particulate matter and carbon monoxide at an urban site of India: influence of anthropogenic emissions and dust storms. Environmental Pollution, 225, 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.038.
Yin, X., de Foy, B., Wu, K., Feng, C., Kang, S. & Zhang, Q. (2019). Gaseous and particulate pollutants in Lhasa, Tibet during 2013–2017: Spatial variability, temporal variations and implications. Environmental Pollution, 253, 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.113.
Yousefian, F., Faridi, S., Azimi, F., Aghaei, M., Shamsipour, M., Yaghmaeian, K. & Hassanvand, M. S. (2020). Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56578-6.
Zhao, S., Yu, Y., Yin, D. & He, J. (2015). Meteorological dependence of particle number concentrations in an urban area of complex terrain, Northwestern China. Atmospheric Research, 164, 304-317.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosr es.2015.06.001.
Behera, S. N., Sharma, M., Mishra, P. K., Nayak, P., Damez-Fontaine, B. & Tahon, R. (2015). Passive measurement of NO2 and application of GIS to generate spatially-distributed air monitoring network in urban environment. Urban Climate, 14, 396-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.12.003.
Bhadauria, N., Chauhan, A., Ranjan, R. & Jindal, T. (2022). Variation in aerosol optical depth (AOD), NO2 and tropospheric ozonecolumn during the lockdown period amid COVID-19 pandemic over India. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 34(5), 1105-1112. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23544.
Bodor, Z., Bodor, K., Keresztesi, Á. & Szép, R. (2020). Major air pollutants seasonal variation analysis and long-range transport of PM 10 in an urban environment with specific climate condition in Transylvania (Romania). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 38181-38199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09838-2.
Brown, S. S., Ryerson, T. B., Wollny, A. G., Brock, C. A., Peltier, R., Sullivan, A. P. & Ravishankara, A. R. (2006). Variability in nocturnal nitrogen oxide processing and its role in regional air quality. Science, 311(5757), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120120.
Devara, P. C. S., Sharma, P. B., Joshi, M., Alam, M. P., Dumka, U. C., Tiwari, S. & Srivastava, A. K. (2016). Impact of Road-space-rationing method on regional air quality. Indian Aerosol Science and Technology, 10-20.
Dumka, U. C., Tiwari, S., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Soni, V. K., Safai, P. D. & Attri, S. D. (2019). Aerosol and pollutant characteristics in Delhi during a winter research campaign. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 3771-3794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3885-y.
Guo, H., Kota, S. H., Sahu, S. K., Hu, J., Ying, Q., Gao, A. & Zhang, H. (2017). Source apportionment of PM2. 5 in North India using source-oriented air quality models. Environmental Pollution, 231, 426-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.016.
Gurjar, B. R., Butler, T. M., Lawrence, M. G. & Lelieveld, J. (2008). Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. Atmospheric environment, 42(7), 1593-1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.048.
Hama, S. M., Kumar, P., Harrison, R. M., Bloss, W. J., Khare, M., Mishra, S. & Sharma, C. (2020). Four-year assessment of ambient particulate matter and trace gases in the Delhi-NCR region of India. Sustainable Cities and Society, 54, 102003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.20 19.102003.
Han, Y., Qi, M., Chen, Y., Shen, H., Liu, J., Huang & Y.,Tao, S. (2015). Influences of ambient air PM2. 5 concentration and meteorological condition on the indoor PM2. 5 concentrations in a residential apartment in Beijing using a new approach. Environmental Pollution, 205, 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.026.
He, J., Gong, S., Yu, Y., Yu, L., Wu, L., Mao, H. & Li, R. (2017). Air pollution characteristics and their relation to meteorological conditions during 2014–2015 in major Chinese cities. Environmental pollution, 223, 484-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.050.
Hopke, P. K., Cohen, D. D., Begum, B. A., Biswas, S. K., Ni, B., Pandit, G. G. & Markowicz, A. (2008). Urban air quality in the Asian region. Science of the Total Environment, 404(1), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitote nv.2008.05.039.
Jacob, D. J. (2000). Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone. Atmospheric Environment, 34(12-14), 2131-2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310 (99)00462-8.
Kanawade, V. P., Srivastava, A. K., Ram, K., Asmi, E., Vakkari, V., Soni, V. K. & Sarangi, C. (2020). What caused severe air pollution episode of November 2016 in New Delhi?. Atmospheric Environment, 222, 117125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117125.
Kaushik, C. P., Ravindra, K., Yadav, K., Mehta, S. Haritash, A. K. (2006). Assessment of ambient air quality in urban centres of Haryana (India) in relation to different anthropogenic activities and health risks. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 122, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9161-x.
Kumar, A. & Goyal, P. (2013). Forecasting of air quality index in Delhi using neural network based on principal component analysis. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 711-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0583-4.
Liu, Z., Hu, B., Wang, L., Wu, F., Gao, W. & Wang, Y. (2015). Seasonal and diurnal variation in particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5) at an urban site of Beijing: analyses from a 9-year study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 627-642.: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3347-0.
Luo, H., Han, Y., Lu, C., Yang, J. & Wu, Y. (2019). Characteristics of surface solar radiation under different air pollution conditions over Nanjing, China: observation and simulation. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 36, 1047-1059. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9010-4.
Malik, D. (2014). Assesment of impact of vehicular pollution on ambient air quality: a case study of Gurgaon city (Doctoral dissertation, College of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies).
Nagpure, A.S., Ramaswami, A. & Russell, A. (2015) “Characterizing the spatial and temporal patterns of open burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Indian cities,” Environmental Science & Technology, 49(21), 12904–12912. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03243.
Olise, F. S., Ogundele, L. T., Olajire, M. A. & Owoade, O. K. (2020). Seasonal Variation, pollution indices and trajectory modeling of bio-monitored airborne particulate around two smelting factories in Osun State, Nigeria. Aerosol Science and Engineering, 4, 260-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-020-00070-6.
Ran, L. L. W. L., Lin, W. L., Deji, Y. Z., La, B., Tsering, P. M., Xu, X. B. & Wang, W. (2014). Surface gas pollutants in Lhasa, a highland city of Tibet–current levels and pollution implications. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(19), 10721-10730. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10721-2014.
Sharma, R. C. & Sharma, N. (2016). Influence of some meteorological variables on PM10 and NOx in Gurgaon, Northern India. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(1), 1-6.
Singh, V., Singh, S., Biswal, A., Kesarkar, A. P., Mor, S. & Ravindra, K. (2020). Diurnal and temporal changes in air pollution during COVID-19 strict lockdown over different regions of India. Environmental Pollution, 266,115368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115368.
Suresh, A., Chauhan, D., Othmani, A., Bhadauria, N., Aswin, S., Jose, J. & Mejjad, N. (2020). Diagnostic Comparison of Changes in Air Quality over China before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-30482/v1.
Takemura, T., Nakajima, T., Dubovik, O., Holben, B. N. & Kinne, S. (2002). Single-scattering albedo and radiative forcing of various aerosol species with a global three-dimensional model. Journal of Climate, 15(4), 333-352. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3289-2016.
Wang, S., & Hao, J. (2012). Air quality management in China: Issues, challenges, and optons. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24(1), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60724-9.
Yadav, R., Sahu, L. K., Beig, G., Tripathi, N. & Jaaffrey, S. N. A. (2017). Ambient particulate matter and carbon monoxide at an urban site of India: influence of anthropogenic emissions and dust storms. Environmental Pollution, 225, 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.038.
Yin, X., de Foy, B., Wu, K., Feng, C., Kang, S. & Zhang, Q. (2019). Gaseous and particulate pollutants in Lhasa, Tibet during 2013–2017: Spatial variability, temporal variations and implications. Environmental Pollution, 253, 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.113.
Yousefian, F., Faridi, S., Azimi, F., Aghaei, M., Shamsipour, M., Yaghmaeian, K. & Hassanvand, M. S. (2020). Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56578-6.
Zhao, S., Yu, Y., Yin, D. & He, J. (2015). Meteorological dependence of particle number concentrations in an urban area of complex terrain, Northwestern China. Atmospheric Research, 164, 304-317.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosr es.2015.06.001.
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
An assessment of seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations of ambient air quality in the Gurugram city (Haryana). (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(1), 306-313. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4142
