Exogenous melatonin improves seed germination and seedling growth in greengram under drought stress
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Abstract
Drought stress diminishes seedling germination and vigor by reducing water uptake, inhibiting plant growth and development. Most of the pulse growing areas are under rainfed ecosystems, which significantly reduces crop yield. Melatonin, a growth-regulating compound, is widely used to mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stresses in pulses. With this background, a laboratory experiment was conducted to standardize the optimum melatonin concentration for seed treatment and foliar application in greengram, to minimize the ill effects of drought stress. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications for each treatment. The treatments consisted of soaking seeds with different melatonin concentrations, viz., 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μM. Seeds were sown in a perti dishes and the drought stress was imposed using poly ethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) @ - 0.4 MPa, and plates were maintained at room temperature (24-30 °C). After the seedlings emerged, various seedling growth parameters like germination percentage, shoot length, root length, vigor index, promptness index, germination stress tolerance index, fresh and dry weight of the seedlings, plant height stress index and root length stress index were recorded. The experimental results showed that drought stress significantly reduced germination percentage and other growth-related parameters in greengram seedlings compared to the melatonin treatments. Among the melatonin treatments, seeds treated with @ 100 μM concentration recorded the highest germination percentage (99.67 %), promptness index (98.80), vigour index (1631.68), shoot and root length (8.9 cm and 7.5 cm), fresh and dry weight of the seedlings (3.249 and 0.147 mg seedling-1) under PEG induced drought stress condition.
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Keywords
Drought stress, Greengram, Melatonin, Seed treatment, Seedling tolerance
References
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Farooq, M., Romdhane, L., Al Sulti, M. K., Rehman, A., Al-Busaidi, W. M. & Lee, D. J. (2019). Morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of osmopriming-induced drought tolerance in lentil. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 206(2), 176-186. doi:10.1111/jac.12384.
Geilfus, C. M. (2017). The pH of the apoplast: dynamic factor with functional impact under stress. Molecular Plant, 10(11), 1371-1386. doi:10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.018.
Guo, Y., Li, D., Liu, L., Sun, H., Zhu, L., Zhang, K., Zhao, H., Zhang, Y., Li, A., Bai, Z., Tian, L., Dong, H. & Li, C. (2022). Seed priming with melatonin promotes seed germination and seedling growth of Triticale hexaploide L. under PEG-6000 induced drought stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13:932912. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.932912.
Hernandez-Ruiz, J. & Arnao, M. B. (2008). Melatonin stimulates the expansion of etiolated lupin cotyledons. Plant Growth Regulation, 55, 29–34. doi:10.1007/s10725-008-9254-y.
Huang, B., Chen, Y. E., Zhao, Y. Q., Ding, C. B., Liao, J. Q., Hu, C., Zhou, L. J., Zhang, Z. W., Yuan, S. & Yuan, M. (2019). Exogenous melatonin alleviates oxidative damages and protects photosystem II in maize seedlings under drought stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 677. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00677.
Huang, X., Tanveer, M., Min, Y. & Shabala, S. (2022). Melatonin as a regulator of plant ionic homeostasis: implications for abiotic stress tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1, 1-17. doi:10.1093/jxb/erac224.
Imran, M., Latif Khan, A., Shahzad, R., Aaqil Khan, M., Bilal, S., Khan, A., Kang, S. M. & Lee, I. J. (2021). Exogenous melatonin induces drought stress tolerance by promoting plant growth and antioxidant defence system of soybean plants. AoB Plants, 13(4), plab026. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plab026.
IPCC (2014). Climate Change Synthesis Report Contribution of Working Groups I. II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC, 151.
Jahan, M. S., Guo, S., Sun, J., Shu, S., Wang, Y., Abou El-Yazied, A., Alabdallah, N. M., Hikal, M., Mohamed, M. H. M., Ibrahim, M. F. M. & Hasan, M. (2021). Melatonin-mediated photosynthetic performance of tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 167, 309–320. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.002.
Jiang, X., Li, H. & Song, X. (2016). Seed priming with melatonin effects on seed germination and seedling growth in maize under salinity stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48(4), 1345-1352.
Jincy, M., Prasad, V., Jeyakumar, P., Senthil, A. & Manivannan, N. (2021). Evaluation of green gram genotypes for drought tolerance by PEG (polyethylene glycol) induced drought stress at seedling stage. International Journal of Legume Research, 44, 684-691. doi: 10.18805/LR-4149.
Kaur, R., Kaur, J. & Bains, T. S. (2017). Screening of mungbean genotypes for drought tolerance using different water potential levels. Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies, 4(2), 159 – 164. doi:10.18178/joaat.4.2.159-164.
Khan, T. A., Fariduddin, Q., Nazir, F. & Saleem, M. (2020). Melatonin in business with abiotic stresses in plants. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 26(10), 1931-1944. doi:10.1007/s12298-020-00878-z.
Li, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Y., Zeng, H., Deng, L., Zhu, L., Chen, G. & Wang, Y. (2022). Melatonin-induced resilience strategies against the damaging impacts of drought stress in rice. Agronomy, 12 (4), 813. doi:10.3390/agronomy12040813.
Liang, C., Li, A., Yu, H., Li, W., Liang, C., Guo, S., Zhang, R. & Chu, C. (2017). Melatonin regulates root architecture by modulating auxin response in rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 134. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00134.
Liu, L., Wang, Z., Gai, Z., Wang, Y., Wang, B., Zhang, P., Liu, X., Chen, J., Zhang, S., Liu, D., Zou, C. & Li, C. (2022). Exogenous application of melatonin improves salt tolerance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 44(6), 1-15. doi:10.1007/s11738-022-03389-4.
Moustafa-Farag, M., Mahmoud, A., Arnao, M. B., Sheteiwy, M. S., Dafea, M., Soltan, M., Elkelish, A., Hasanuzzaman, M. & Ai, S. (2020). Melatonin-induced water stress tolerance in plants: Recent advances. Antioxidants, 9(9), 809. doi:10.3390/antiox9090809.
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Exogenous melatonin improves seed germination and seedling growth in greengram under drought stress. (2022). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(4), 1190-1197. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i4.3818
