Buffalo colostrum- A novel substitute of human serum for the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro
Article Main
Abstract
In vitro cultivation of erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum requires supplementing the culture medium with human serum. The present study was carried out to explore an alternative to human serum. Different human serum samples were found to vary considerably in their ability to support the growth of erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum in vitro. These results strongly suggested the use of pooled human serum for comparing the growth of parasites in medium augmented with other supplements. Parasites could multiply for a few cycles only in RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) medium supplemented with serum obtained from pig, goat, sheep or buffalo. Continued cultivation could not be achieved using any one of these animal sera. Ability of bovine colostrum was investigated as an alternative to human serum. Buffalo colostrum, 10%(v/v) 'suitably prepared' supported the continuous growth and multiplication of P. falciparum . Morphologically both asexual and sexual stages appeared normal and healthy, but the multiplication rate of parasites grown in colostrum augmented medium was found to be lower than that in serum-supplemented medium. The one month of uninterrupted cultivation of P. falciparum registered 106 fold increase in parasite density compared to 1010 fold multiplication recorded in control culture with 10% serum supplement. Cow colostrum failed to support the growth and multiplication of parasites beyond 6 days in culture. The initial positive results with buffalo colostrum hold promise and should be explored further as a potential substitute for human serum for continuous in vitro propagation of erythrocytic stages of the malignant malaria parasite.
Article Details
Article Details
Bovine colostrum, Human serum substitutes In vitro culture, Plasmodium falciparum, Pooled human serum
Barman, H.K. & Rajput, Y.S. (1994). Inhibition of mouse X mouse hybridoma growth by milk and colostrum. Lait, 74, 473-478
Belford, D., Rogers, M.L.& Regester, G.O. et al. (1995). Milk-derived growth factors as serum supplements for the growth of fibroblast and epithelial cells. In vitro Cell Dev. Biol. - Animal, 31, 752–760 . https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02634116
Binh, V.Q., Luty, A.J.F. & Kremsner, P.G. (1997). Differential effects of human serum and cells on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum adapted to serum-free in vitro culture conditions. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 57, 594-600
Butcher, G.A. (1979). Factors affecting the in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi. Bull. WHO, (suppl 1) , 17-26
Chelladurai, K.S., Christyraj , J.D.S., Rajagopalan, K., Yesudhason, B.V., Venkatachalam, S., Mohan, M., Vasantha, N.C. & Christyraj, R.S.S. (2021). Alternative to FBS in animal cell culture - An overview and future perspective. Heliyon, 7(8), e07686. doi: 10.1016/j.heliy on.2021.e07686
Crammer, S.L., Magowan, C., Liang, J., Coppel, L. & Cooke, B.M. (1997). An alternative to serum for cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 91, 363-365
Divo, A.A. & Jensen, J.B. (1982) Studies on serum requirements for the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum 1. Animal sera. Bull. WHO, 60, 565-569
Dohutia, C., Mohapatra, P.K., Bhattacharyya, D.B., Gogoi, K., Bora, K. & Goswami, B.K. (2017). In vitro adaptability of Plasmodium falciparum to different fresh serum alternatives . J. Parasit. Dis., 41(2), 371–374 . DOI 10.1007/s12639-016-0808-z
Flores, M.V.C., Berger-Eiszele, S.M. & Stuart, T.S. (1997). Long-term cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in media with commercial non-serum supplements. Parasitol. Res., 83 , 734-736
Ifediba, T. & Vanderberg, J.P. (1980). Peptones and calf serum as a replacement for human serum in the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. J. Parasitol., 66, 237-239
Jensen, J.B. (1979). Some aspects of serum requirements for continuous cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. Bull. WHO, 57 (suppl 1), 27-31
Jensen, J.B., Boland, M.T. & Akood, M. (1982). Induction of crisis forms in cultured Plasmodium falciparum with human immune serum from Sudan. Science , 216, 1230-1233
Klagsbrun, M. (1978). Human milk stimulates DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation in cultured fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 5057-5061
Klagsbrun, M. (1980). Bovine colostrum supports the serum-free proliferation of epithelial cells but not of fibroblasts in long-term culture. J. Cell Biol. , 84, 808–814
Lee, S.H., Hossner, K.L. (2002). Effects of bovine colostral ultrafiltrates on growth and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 36(3), 205-212. doi: 10.1042/ba20020060. PMID: 12452804.
Lingnau, A., Margos, G., Maier, W.A. & Seitz, H.M. (1994). Serum free cultivation of several Plasmodium falciparum strains. Parasitol. Res., 80 , 84-86
Mehra, N. & Bhasin, V.K.(1996). In vitro gametocyte formation in Plasmodium falciparum isolates originating from a small endemic malarious area and their DNA profiling with an oligomer probe. Acta Protozoologica , 35 , 131-136
Moll, K., Kaneko, A., Scherf, A. & Wahlgren, M. (2013). Methods in Malaria Research 6th ed. EVIMalR Glasgow UK
Oduola, A.M.J., Alexander, B.M., Weatherly, N.F., Bowdre, J.H. & Desjardins, R.E. (1985). Use of non-human plasma substitute in cultivation and drug susceptibility studies with Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 34, 209-215
Pakkanen, R. (1994). Bovine colostrum ultrafiltrate supplemented with adult bovine serum and transferrin: An effective FBS substitute for cultivation of Vero and CHO-K1 cells. In vitro Cell Dev. Biol.,30A, 295–299
Paradkar, P.H., Vaidya, A.D.B., Talwalkar, S.C., Mishra, L.S., Agashe, S.V. & Vaidya, R.A. (2019). Bovine whey protein and other biological fluids as alternative to fetal bovine serum in supplementing cell culture media. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 57, 123-130
Playford, R. J. & Weiser, M. J. (2021). Bovine Colostrum: Its Constituents and Uses. Nutrients, 13(1), 265
Ramirez, O.T., Sureshkumar, G.K. & Mutharasan, R. (1990). Bovine colostrum or milk as a serum substitute for the cultivation of a mouse hybridoma. Biotechnol Bioeng. 35, 882-889
Sax, L. J. & Rieckman, K.H. (1980). Use of rabbit serum in the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. J. Parasitol., 66 , 621-624
Sherman, I.W. (1977). Amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis in malaria parasites. Bull. WHO, 55, 265-275
Srivastava, K., Singh, S., Singh, P. & Puri, S.K. (2007). In vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum: studies with modified medium supplemented with ALBUMAX II and various animal sera. Exp. Parasitol., 116(2) , 171-174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2006.12.003
Steimer, K.S. & Klagsbrun, M. (1981). Serum free growth of normal and transformed fIbroblasts in milk : Differential requirements of fibronectin. J. Cell Bio., 88, 294-300
Steimer, K.S., Packard, R., Holden, D. & Klagsbrun, M. (1981). The serum free growth of cultured cells in bovine colostrum and in milk obtained later in the lactation period. J. Cell Physiol., 109, 223-234
Trager, W. & Jensen, J.B. (1976). Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science, 193, 673 - 675
Trigg, P.I. (1985). Recent advances in malaria parasite cultivation and their application to studies on host-parasite relationships : a review. Bull. WHO, 63 (2) , 387-398
Uruakpa, F.O., Hismond, M. A. & Akobndu, E.N. (2002). Colostrum and its benefits : a review. Nutrition Research, 22(6), 755-767
Vial, H.J., Thvet, J.M. & Philippot, J.R. (1982). Phospholipid biosynthesis in synchronus Plasmodium falciparum cultures. J. Protozool., 29, 258-263
Willet, G.P. & Canfield, C.J. (1984). Plasmodium falciparum : continuous cultivation of erythrocyte stages in plasma - free culture medium. Exp. Parasitol. 57, 76-80
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
