Ecological study of two gastropods species Melanoides turbuculata and Melanopsis preaemorsa from Euphrates river - Basrah, Iraq
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Abstract
Biological and taxonomic studies of snails in the waters of Iraq's desert have been enhanced through seasonal recording of them, and it is one of the means to follow their distribution and determine the density. Aiming to determine occurrence and density of two snails Melanoides tuberculata and Melanopsi preaemorsa, in two stations at the Euphrates river-Basrah, Governorate, in Al-Madina and Al-Qurna. Three replicates within each station were chosen for sample collection of these two species using the quadrate (25 × 25) cm. Many environmental factors including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and organic material in sediment were measured, 5,330 samples were obtained from the stations. The highest annual density was recorded by snail M. turbuculata with 2,745 and 1,072 ind/m² in two stations respectively, while M. preaemorsa with 912 and 601 ind/m² in (St.1 and 2), respectively. The densities of snail M. turbuculata from 480 ind./m2, June 2019 at (St. 1) to 57 ind./m2 in December 2019. And in (St. 2) from 256 ind./m2 in May 2019 to 0 ind./m2 in August - December 2019. While snail species M. preaemorsa (Linnaeus, 1758) in (St. 1) from 128 ind./m2 in June and July to 0 ind./m2 in January-February, November-December 2019 and in (St. 2) from 144 ind./m2 in April to 0 ind./m2 in August-December 2019. The statistical analysis found significant differences in DO, temperatures, and snail density in two stations. This is the first study in the region on these two species in particular, and their abundance.
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Keywords
Aquatic gastropoda, Al-Madina city, Al-Qurna city, Basrah river, Melanoides tuberculate, Melanopsi preaemorsa
References
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Al-Abbad, M.Y., Hamza, H.A., Raghad, Z. & Khalaf, R. Z. (2015). First record of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Shatt Al-Arab River, Southern Iraq with some ecological aspects. Marsh Bulletin., 10 (2), 92-101. Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals - IASJ
Al-Ameen, F.A. (2018). An ecological survey of benthic invertebrates in three sites in Shatt-Al-Kufa at Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. J. University of Babylon for Pure & Applied Sci., 26(8), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpa s.v26 i8.1691.
Al-Dabbagh, K.Y. & Daoud, Y.T. (1985). The ecology of three gastropod mollusks from Shatt Al-Arab. J. Boil. Sci. Res., 16, 155-186.
Al-Waaly, A.B.M., Mohammad, M. & Al-Miali, H.M. (2014). Freshwater snails diversity in the middle and south regions of Iraq. Adv. Biores., 5 (3), 166-171. DOI: 10.15515/abr.0976-4585.5.3.166171.
Atee, R.A. (2008). The diversity of Mollusca in four water systems in southern Iraq. Basrah Res. J., 3 (34), 28- 34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3091 88434.
De Ni, H.W. (1987). The decrease in aquatic vegetation in Europe and its consequences for fish populations. EIFAC occasional paper-19, European inland fisheries advisory commission, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 8. https://www.fao.org/3/AC858E/AC 858E00.htm.
Gloer, P. & Pešić, V. (2012). The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. ZooKeys, 219: 11–61. Doi: 10.3897/zookeys.219.3406. www.zookeys.org.
Hann, B.J., Mundy, C.J. & Goldsborough, L.G. (2001). Snail–periphyton interactions in a prairie lacustrine wetland. Hydrobiologia., 457, 1, 167-175. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1012231601521.
Johnson, P.D. (2009). Sustaining America’s Aquatic biodiversity-freshwater snail biodiversity and conservation. Fisheries and Wildlife., 420-530. https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-530/420-530.html.
Khalaf, R.Z. (2011). Ecological Study of Gastropods from Intertidal Zone of Shatt AlArab / Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Col. Science, Univ. Basrah. 93pp.
Manyangadze, T., Chimbari, M.J., Rubaba, O., Soko, W. & Mukaratirwa, S. (2021). Spatial and seasonal distribution of Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi in Ingwavuma, uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Implications for schistosomiasis transmission at micro-geographical scale. Parasites Vectors, 14, 222.
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Najim, A.T. (1959). Notes on the distribution of some molluscs in Iraq. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London., 33, 159-163. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064815.
Nwoko, O.E., Kalinda, C., Manyangadze, T. & Chimbari, M.J. (2022). Species diversity, distribution, and abundance of freshwater snails in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Water, 14, 2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142267.
Oso, O.G. & Odaibo, A.B. (2021). Land use/land cover change, physico-chemical parameters and freshwater snails in Yewa North, Southwestern Nigeria. PLoS ONE, 16, e0246566.
Plaziat, J.C. & Younis, W.R. (2005). The modern environments of Molluscs in southern Mesopotamia, Iraq: A guide to paleogeographical reconstructions of Quaternary fluvial, palustrine and marine deposits. Carnets de Geologie / Notebooks on Geology - Article (CG2005_A01), pp. 18. http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/14 53/CG2005_A01.pdf?sequence=1.
Qazar, I.A.A. (2016). The relationship between aquatic macrophytes and some gastropoda (snails) in the lower reaches of Hammar marsh. Mesop. Environ. J., 2 (4), 23-32. https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1 631574040.
Qazar, I.A.A., Azeez, N.M. & Marina, B.A. (2015). Freshwater Snails of East Hammar Marsh and Shatt Al-Arab During 2008-2009. Marsh Bulletin., 10 (2), 149-159. https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1641545061.
Rao, N.V.S. (1989). Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta., pp. 441. http://faunaofindia. nic .in/PDFVolumes/hpg/005/index.pdf.
Salman, J.M. & Nassar, A.H. (2013). Variation of some physico-chemical parameters and biodiversity of gastropods species in Euphrates River, Iraq. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of Environmental Science and Technology Athens, Greece, 5-7 September 2013. http://ijesd.org/papers/502-C3001.
Sirza, L.J., Purnama, M.F. & Anwar, K. (2020). Invasive status of Tarebia granifera based on density of population in river of Gunung Sejuk Village, South Buton Regency. Aquasains, 9 (1), 875-880. DOI: 10.23960/aqs.v9i.
Sitnikova, T., Soldatenko, E., Kamaltynov, R. & Riede, I.F. (2010). The finding of North American freshwater gastropods of the genus PlanorbellaHaldeman, 1842 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) in East Siberia. Aquatic Invasions., 5 (2), 201-205. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dd4f/b888f24f169fca2e22bdcaa78600b8897e4d.
Strong, E.E., Gargominy, O., Ponder, W.F. & Bouchet, P. (2008). Global diversity of gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia., 595, 149–166. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
Usman, A.I., Adamu, T. & Abdulhamid, A. (2019). Studies on distribution and abundance of freshwater snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis along Kwanar Areh Dam in Rimi LGA of Katsina State. J. Parasitol. Vector Biol., 11, 26–35.
Van Schayck, IRCP. (1985). Laboratory studies on the relation between aquatic vegetation and the presence of two bilharzias-bearing snail species. J. Aquat. Plant Manage., 23, 87-91. https://eurekamag.com/research/001/39 9/001399459.php.
Zêbek, E. & Szymañska, U. (2014). Gastropods and periphytic algae relationships in the vicinity of a small hydroelectric plant on the Pas³êka River in northeast Poland. Arch. Pol. Fish., 22, 69-80. https://sciendo.com/article/1 0.2478/aopf-2014-0007.
Amr, Z.,Nasarat, H. & Neubert, E. (2014). Notes on the current and past freshwater snail fauna of Jordan. Jord. J. Natu.His., pp. 33. https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio n/326450791.
Al-Abbad, M.Y., Hamza, H.A., Raghad, Z. & Khalaf, R. Z. (2015). First record of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Shatt Al-Arab River, Southern Iraq with some ecological aspects. Marsh Bulletin., 10 (2), 92-101. Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals - IASJ
Al-Ameen, F.A. (2018). An ecological survey of benthic invertebrates in three sites in Shatt-Al-Kufa at Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. J. University of Babylon for Pure & Applied Sci., 26(8), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.29196/jubpa s.v26 i8.1691.
Al-Dabbagh, K.Y. & Daoud, Y.T. (1985). The ecology of three gastropod mollusks from Shatt Al-Arab. J. Boil. Sci. Res., 16, 155-186.
Al-Waaly, A.B.M., Mohammad, M. & Al-Miali, H.M. (2014). Freshwater snails diversity in the middle and south regions of Iraq. Adv. Biores., 5 (3), 166-171. DOI: 10.15515/abr.0976-4585.5.3.166171.
Atee, R.A. (2008). The diversity of Mollusca in four water systems in southern Iraq. Basrah Res. J., 3 (34), 28- 34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3091 88434.
De Ni, H.W. (1987). The decrease in aquatic vegetation in Europe and its consequences for fish populations. EIFAC occasional paper-19, European inland fisheries advisory commission, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 8. https://www.fao.org/3/AC858E/AC 858E00.htm.
Gloer, P. & Pešić, V. (2012). The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. ZooKeys, 219: 11–61. Doi: 10.3897/zookeys.219.3406. www.zookeys.org.
Hann, B.J., Mundy, C.J. & Goldsborough, L.G. (2001). Snail–periphyton interactions in a prairie lacustrine wetland. Hydrobiologia., 457, 1, 167-175. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1012231601521.
Johnson, P.D. (2009). Sustaining America’s Aquatic biodiversity-freshwater snail biodiversity and conservation. Fisheries and Wildlife., 420-530. https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-530/420-530.html.
Khalaf, R.Z. (2011). Ecological Study of Gastropods from Intertidal Zone of Shatt AlArab / Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, Col. Science, Univ. Basrah. 93pp.
Manyangadze, T., Chimbari, M.J., Rubaba, O., Soko, W. & Mukaratirwa, S. (2021). Spatial and seasonal distribution of Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi in Ingwavuma, uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Implications for schistosomiasis transmission at micro-geographical scale. Parasites Vectors, 14, 222.
Mirza, N.N.A. & Nashaat, M.R. (2019). Abundance, Diversity and Distribution of Mollusca in the Gharaf River, Southern Iraq. Iraqi J. Sci., 60 (3), 469-485. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/700.
Mohammad, M.K. (2014). Ecology of the freshwater snail Melanopsis buccinoidea in Ain Al-Tamur, Kerbala Province. International J. Current Microbiology & Applied Sci., 3 (2), 390-394. https://www.academia.edu/38851347.
Najim, A.T. (1959). Notes on the distribution of some molluscs in Iraq. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London., 33, 159-163. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064815.
Nwoko, O.E., Kalinda, C., Manyangadze, T. & Chimbari, M.J. (2022). Species diversity, distribution, and abundance of freshwater snails in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Water, 14, 2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142267.
Oso, O.G. & Odaibo, A.B. (2021). Land use/land cover change, physico-chemical parameters and freshwater snails in Yewa North, Southwestern Nigeria. PLoS ONE, 16, e0246566.
Plaziat, J.C. & Younis, W.R. (2005). The modern environments of Molluscs in southern Mesopotamia, Iraq: A guide to paleogeographical reconstructions of Quaternary fluvial, palustrine and marine deposits. Carnets de Geologie / Notebooks on Geology - Article (CG2005_A01), pp. 18. http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/14 53/CG2005_A01.pdf?sequence=1.
Qazar, I.A.A. (2016). The relationship between aquatic macrophytes and some gastropoda (snails) in the lower reaches of Hammar marsh. Mesop. Environ. J., 2 (4), 23-32. https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1 631574040.
Qazar, I.A.A., Azeez, N.M. & Marina, B.A. (2015). Freshwater Snails of East Hammar Marsh and Shatt Al-Arab During 2008-2009. Marsh Bulletin., 10 (2), 149-159. https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/publications/1641545061.
Rao, N.V.S. (1989). Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta., pp. 441. http://faunaofindia. nic .in/PDFVolumes/hpg/005/index.pdf.
Salman, J.M. & Nassar, A.H. (2013). Variation of some physico-chemical parameters and biodiversity of gastropods species in Euphrates River, Iraq. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of Environmental Science and Technology Athens, Greece, 5-7 September 2013. http://ijesd.org/papers/502-C3001.
Sirza, L.J., Purnama, M.F. & Anwar, K. (2020). Invasive status of Tarebia granifera based on density of population in river of Gunung Sejuk Village, South Buton Regency. Aquasains, 9 (1), 875-880. DOI: 10.23960/aqs.v9i.
Sitnikova, T., Soldatenko, E., Kamaltynov, R. & Riede, I.F. (2010). The finding of North American freshwater gastropods of the genus PlanorbellaHaldeman, 1842 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) in East Siberia. Aquatic Invasions., 5 (2), 201-205. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dd4f/b888f24f169fca2e22bdcaa78600b8897e4d.
Strong, E.E., Gargominy, O., Ponder, W.F. & Bouchet, P. (2008). Global diversity of gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia., 595, 149–166. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
Usman, A.I., Adamu, T. & Abdulhamid, A. (2019). Studies on distribution and abundance of freshwater snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis along Kwanar Areh Dam in Rimi LGA of Katsina State. J. Parasitol. Vector Biol., 11, 26–35.
Van Schayck, IRCP. (1985). Laboratory studies on the relation between aquatic vegetation and the presence of two bilharzias-bearing snail species. J. Aquat. Plant Manage., 23, 87-91. https://eurekamag.com/research/001/39 9/001399459.php.
Zêbek, E. & Szymañska, U. (2014). Gastropods and periphytic algae relationships in the vicinity of a small hydroelectric plant on the Pas³êka River in northeast Poland. Arch. Pol. Fish., 22, 69-80. https://sciendo.com/article/1 0.2478/aopf-2014-0007.
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Ecological study of two gastropods species Melanoides turbuculata and Melanopsis preaemorsa from Euphrates river - Basrah, Iraq. (2022). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(4), 1119-1123. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i4.3585
