Degree days and demography of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize at different temperatures
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Abstract
The temperature has a direct effect on the activity of insect pests and their developmental rate. The increasing temperature could profoundly influence the population dynamics, life cycle, length of reproduction, fecundity, and longevity. In the present study, the impact of different temperatures (32, 33, 34, 35 and 36°C) on the degree days and population fitness of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) was evaluated under artificial conditions. The results showed that for S. frugiperda, an average of 690.38 degree days was required to complete the total life span. The total larval developmental time, pupal duration and adult longevity required 237.38, 184.47 and 228.10 degree days, respectively. The life history data of S. frugiperda were analysed by using TWOSEX-MSChart. An increase in temperature reduced the developmental time of S. frugiperda at age x and stage j. The highest reproductive value (vx) of S. frugiperda was obtained at 34°C (600 individuals per day) and was found to be reduced at a further increase in temperature of 35°C (260 individuals per day) and 36°C (120 individuals per day). These results signify the improved fitness of S. frugiperda with increasing temperature levels, and the degree days help to predict the development pattern of S. frugiperda based on heat accumulation.
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Keywords
Degree days, Demography, Population fitness, S. frugiperda, Temperature
References
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Bale, J. S., Masters, G. J., Hodkinson, I. D., Awmack, C., Bezemer, T. M., Brown, V. K., Butterfield, J., Buse, A., Coulson, J.C., Farrar, J. & Whittaker, J. B. (2002). Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Global change biology, 8(1), 1-16.
Benkova, I. & Volf, P. (2007). Effect of temperature on metabolism of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 44(1), 150-154.
Chi, H. & Liu, H. (1985). Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica, 24(2), 225-240.
Chi, H. & Su, H. Y. (2006). Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathematical proof of the relationship between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate. Environmental Entomology, 35(1), 10-21.
Chi, H. (1988). Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals. Environmental Entomology, 17(1), 26-34.
Curry, G. L., Feldman, R. M. & Sharpe, P. J. (1978). Foundations of stochastic development. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 74(3), 397-410.
Du Plessis, H., Schlemmer, M. L. & Van den Berg, J. (2020). The effect of temperature on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects, 11(4), 228.
Ganiger, P. C., Yeshwanth, H. M., Muralimohan, K., Vinay, N., Kumar, A. R. V. & Chandrashekara, K. (2018). Occurrence of the new invasive pest, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the maize fields of Karnataka, India. Current Science, 115(4), 621-623.
Gao, G., Feng, L., Perkins, L. E., Sharma, S. & Lu, Z. (2018). Effect of the frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature on the life history traits of the large cotton aphid, Acyrthosiphon gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae): implications for their population dynamics under global warming. Entomologia Generalis, 37(2), 103-113.
Golizadeh, A. L. I., Kamali, K., Fathipour, Y. & Abbasipour, H. (2007). Temperature-dependent development of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on two brassicaceous host plants. Insect Science, 14(4), 309-316.
Herbert, D. A., Mack, T. P., Reed, R. B. & Getz, R. (1988). Degree-day maps for management of soybean insect pests in Alabama. Bulletin-Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (USA). pp. 591.
Herms, D. A. (2004). Using degree-days and plant phenology to predict pest activity. In IPM (integrated pest management) of mid-west landscapes (Vol. 58, pp. 49-59). St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Publication.
Higley, L. G., Pedigo, L. P. & Ostlie, K. R. (1986). DEGDAY: a program for calculating degree-days, and assumptions behind the degree-day approach. Environmental Entomology, 15(5), 999-1016.
Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Asokan, R., Swamy, H. M., Maruthi, M. S., Pavithra, H. B., Hegbe, K., Navi, S., Prabhu, S. T. & Goergen, G. E. (2018). First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 24(1), 23-29.
Khalil, A. A., Abolmaaty, S. M., Hassanein, M. K., El-Mtewally, M. M. & Moustafa, S. A. (2010). Degree-days units and expected generation numbers of peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) under climate change in. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 3(1), 11-19.
Koda, K. & Nakamura, H. (2012). Effects of temperature on the development and survival of an endangered butterfly, Lycaeides argyrognomon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with estimation of optimal and threshold temperatures using linear and nonlinear models. Entomological Science, 15(2), 162-170.
Kuo, M. H., Chiu, M. C. & Perng, J. J. (2006). Temperature effects on life history traits of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) on corn in Taiwan. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 41(1), 171-177.
Marchioro, C. A. & Foerster, L. A. (2011). Development and survival of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) as a function of temperature: effect on the number of generations in tropical and subtropical regions. Neotropical Entomology, 40(5), 533-541.
Marchioro, C. A. & Foerster, L. A. (2011). Development and survival of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) as a function of temperature: effect on the number of generations in tropical and subtropical regions. Neotropical Entomology, 40, 533-541.
Mironidis, G. K. & Savopoulou-Soultani, M. (2014). Development, survivorship, and reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under constant and alternating temperatures. Environmental Entomology, 37(1), 16-28.
Montezano, D. G., Sosa-Gómez, D. R., Specht, A., Roque-Specht, V. F., Sousa-Silva, J. C., Paula-Moraes, S. D., Peterson, J. A. & Hunt, T. E. (2018). Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology, 26(2), 286-300.
Park, H. H., Ahn, J. J. & Park, C. G. (2014). Temperature-dependent development of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their validation in semifield condition. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 17(1), 83-91.
Ramirez Garcia, L., Bravo Mojica, H. & Llanderal Cazares, C. (1987). Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under different conditions of temperature and humidity. Agrociencia, 67, 161-171.
Roy, M., Brodeur, J. & Cloutier, C. (2002). Relationship between temperature and developmental rate of Stethorus punctillum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and its prey Tetranychus mcdanieli (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Environmental Entomology, 31(1), 177-187.
Shi, B. K., Huang, J. L., Hu, C. X. & Hou, M. L. (2014). Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(7), 1520-1529.
Wilson, L. & Barnett, W. (1983). Degree-days: an aid in crop and pest management. California Agriculture, 37(1), 4-7.
Ashok, K., Balasubramani, V., Kennedy, J. S., Geethalakshmi, V. Jeyakumar, P. & Sathiah, N. (2021a). Effect of elevated temperature on the population dynamics of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Environmental Biology, 42, 1098-1105.
Ashok, K., Balasubramani, V., Kennedy, J. S., Geethalakshmi, V., Jeyakumar, P. & Sathiah, N. (2021b). Evaluating artificial diets for the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through nutritional indices and an age-stage, two-sex life table approach. African Entomology, 29(2), 620-634.
Bale, J. S., Masters, G. J., Hodkinson, I. D., Awmack, C., Bezemer, T. M., Brown, V. K., Butterfield, J., Buse, A., Coulson, J.C., Farrar, J. & Whittaker, J. B. (2002). Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Global change biology, 8(1), 1-16.
Benkova, I. & Volf, P. (2007). Effect of temperature on metabolism of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 44(1), 150-154.
Chi, H. & Liu, H. (1985). Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica, 24(2), 225-240.
Chi, H. & Su, H. Y. (2006). Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathematical proof of the relationship between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate. Environmental Entomology, 35(1), 10-21.
Chi, H. (1988). Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals. Environmental Entomology, 17(1), 26-34.
Curry, G. L., Feldman, R. M. & Sharpe, P. J. (1978). Foundations of stochastic development. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 74(3), 397-410.
Du Plessis, H., Schlemmer, M. L. & Van den Berg, J. (2020). The effect of temperature on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects, 11(4), 228.
Ganiger, P. C., Yeshwanth, H. M., Muralimohan, K., Vinay, N., Kumar, A. R. V. & Chandrashekara, K. (2018). Occurrence of the new invasive pest, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the maize fields of Karnataka, India. Current Science, 115(4), 621-623.
Gao, G., Feng, L., Perkins, L. E., Sharma, S. & Lu, Z. (2018). Effect of the frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature on the life history traits of the large cotton aphid, Acyrthosiphon gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae): implications for their population dynamics under global warming. Entomologia Generalis, 37(2), 103-113.
Golizadeh, A. L. I., Kamali, K., Fathipour, Y. & Abbasipour, H. (2007). Temperature-dependent development of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on two brassicaceous host plants. Insect Science, 14(4), 309-316.
Herbert, D. A., Mack, T. P., Reed, R. B. & Getz, R. (1988). Degree-day maps for management of soybean insect pests in Alabama. Bulletin-Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (USA). pp. 591.
Herms, D. A. (2004). Using degree-days and plant phenology to predict pest activity. In IPM (integrated pest management) of mid-west landscapes (Vol. 58, pp. 49-59). St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Publication.
Higley, L. G., Pedigo, L. P. & Ostlie, K. R. (1986). DEGDAY: a program for calculating degree-days, and assumptions behind the degree-day approach. Environmental Entomology, 15(5), 999-1016.
Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Asokan, R., Swamy, H. M., Maruthi, M. S., Pavithra, H. B., Hegbe, K., Navi, S., Prabhu, S. T. & Goergen, G. E. (2018). First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 24(1), 23-29.
Khalil, A. A., Abolmaaty, S. M., Hassanein, M. K., El-Mtewally, M. M. & Moustafa, S. A. (2010). Degree-days units and expected generation numbers of peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) under climate change in. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 3(1), 11-19.
Koda, K. & Nakamura, H. (2012). Effects of temperature on the development and survival of an endangered butterfly, Lycaeides argyrognomon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with estimation of optimal and threshold temperatures using linear and nonlinear models. Entomological Science, 15(2), 162-170.
Kuo, M. H., Chiu, M. C. & Perng, J. J. (2006). Temperature effects on life history traits of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) on corn in Taiwan. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 41(1), 171-177.
Marchioro, C. A. & Foerster, L. A. (2011). Development and survival of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) as a function of temperature: effect on the number of generations in tropical and subtropical regions. Neotropical Entomology, 40(5), 533-541.
Marchioro, C. A. & Foerster, L. A. (2011). Development and survival of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) as a function of temperature: effect on the number of generations in tropical and subtropical regions. Neotropical Entomology, 40, 533-541.
Mironidis, G. K. & Savopoulou-Soultani, M. (2014). Development, survivorship, and reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under constant and alternating temperatures. Environmental Entomology, 37(1), 16-28.
Montezano, D. G., Sosa-Gómez, D. R., Specht, A., Roque-Specht, V. F., Sousa-Silva, J. C., Paula-Moraes, S. D., Peterson, J. A. & Hunt, T. E. (2018). Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology, 26(2), 286-300.
Park, H. H., Ahn, J. J. & Park, C. G. (2014). Temperature-dependent development of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their validation in semifield condition. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 17(1), 83-91.
Ramirez Garcia, L., Bravo Mojica, H. & Llanderal Cazares, C. (1987). Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under different conditions of temperature and humidity. Agrociencia, 67, 161-171.
Roy, M., Brodeur, J. & Cloutier, C. (2002). Relationship between temperature and developmental rate of Stethorus punctillum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and its prey Tetranychus mcdanieli (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Environmental Entomology, 31(1), 177-187.
Shi, B. K., Huang, J. L., Hu, C. X. & Hou, M. L. (2014). Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(7), 1520-1529.
Wilson, L. & Barnett, W. (1983). Degree-days: an aid in crop and pest management. California Agriculture, 37(1), 4-7.
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How to Cite
Degree days and demography of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize at different temperatures. (2022). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(SI), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14iSI.3560
