Molecular surveillance of Dengue Virus (DENV) and its co-infection with Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) among febrile patients: A comparative study from South Delhi, India
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Abstract
Dengue and Chikungunya are two major arboviral infections transmitted worldwide by the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. India suffers enormously with both Dengue and Chikungunya as they pose a great public health challenge. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Dengue Virus (DENV), Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) and DENV/CHIKV co-infection (by Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)/Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), their clinical features, DENV serotypes and CHIKV specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) within a 7 years gap in the Delhi population. The study sample included clinically suspected febrile patients (?7 days) sera collected during 2017-2018 (n=87) and during 2008-2010 (n=623) from Delhi. Captured ELISA was performed for CHIKV IgG screening and nested PCR was done for DENV serotyping. The percentage prevalence for DENV was significantly higher than CHIKV with 41.38% (n=87) and 16.1% (n=87), respectively; interestingly, DENV/CHIKV co-infection was detected in 10.34% (n=9/87) cases during 2017-2018. Similarly, a high DENV prevalence was observed during 2008-2010 with the prevalence rate of 38.3% (69/180), 34.65% (35/101) and 47.07% (161/342), respectively. DENV 1 and DENV 3 were dominant serotype during 2008-2010 and 2017-2018 respectively. We have noticed a high prevalence (36.67%, 22/60) of the CHIKV IgG antibody in the 2017-2018 samples. Joint pain was more preferential to CHIKV mono-infection and DENV/CHIKV co-infection compared to DENV mono-infection. The present study highlights the need for active surveillance simultaneously for both DENV and CHIKV and to evaluate the role of CHIKV/DENV co-infections in disease severity in the endemic regions.
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Keywords
CHIKV, DENV, Co-infection, Clinical features, Serotype
References
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Ahmed, N. & Broor, S. (2015). Dengue Fever Outbreak in Delhi, North India: A Clinico-Epidemiological Study. Indian journal of community medicine?: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 40,135–138. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.153884
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Chakravarti, A., Kumar, A. & Matlani, M. (2010). Displacement of dengue virus type 3 and type 2 by dengue virus type 1 in Delhi during 2008. Indian J Med Microbiol 28:412. https://doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.71806
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Dinkar, A., Singh, J., Prakash, P., Das, A. & Nath, G. (2018). Hidden burden of chikungunya in North India; A prospective study in a tertiary care centre. J Infect Public Health, 11,586–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.0 9.008
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Gandhi, B. S., Kulkarni, K., Godbole, M. & Dole, S.S. (2015). Dengue and chikungunya co-infection associated with more severe clinical disease than mono-infection. International Journal of Healthcare and Biomedical Research, 3:117–23
Gubler, D.J. (1998). Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 11:480–496
Hammon, W. M., Rundnick, A. & Sather, G. E. (1960). Viruses Associated with Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fevers of the Philippines and Thailand. Science 131:1102–1103. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.131.3407.1102
Hasebe, F., Parquet, M. C., Pandey, B. D., Mathenge, E. G. M., Morita, K., Balasubramaniam, V., Saat, Z., Yusop, A., Sinniah, M., Natkunam, S. & Igarashi, A. (2002). Combined detection and genotyping of Chikungunya virus by a specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Medical Virology, 67, 370–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.10085
Hisamuddin, M., Tazeen, A., Abdullah, M., Islamuddin, M., Parveen, N., Islam, A., Faizan, M. I., Hamza, A., Naqvi, I. H., Verma, H. N., Malik, A., Ahmed, A. & Parveen, S. (2018). Co-circulation of Chikungunya and Dengue viruses in Dengue endemic region of New Delhi, India during 2016. Epidemiol Infect., 146, 1642–1653. https://doi.org/1 0.1017/S0950268818001590
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Kumari, R., Kumar, K. & Chauhan, L. S. (2011). First dengue virus detection in Aedes albopictus from Delhi, India: its breeding ecology and role in dengue transmission. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 16, 949–954. https://doi.org/1 0.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02789.x
Kumaria, R. (2010). Correlation of disease spectrum among four Dengue serotypes: a five years hospital based study from India. Braz J Infect Dis 14:141–146
Lanciotti, R.S., Calisher, C. H., Gubler, D. J., Chang, G.J. & Vorndam, A. V. (1992). Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol., 30, 545–551
Londhey, V., Agrawal, S., Vaidya, N., Kini, S., Shastri, J. S. & Sunil, S. (2016). Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Co-infections: The Inside Story. J Assoc Physicians India 64:36–40
Medina, F., Medina, J. F., Colón, C., Vergne, E., Santiago, G,A., & Munoz-Jordan, J.L. (2012). Dengue Virus: Isolation, Propagation, Quantification, and Storage. Current protocols in microbiology Chapter 15:Unit15D.2. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471729259.mc15d02s27
Mukherjee, S,, Dutta, S, K., Sengupta, S., Tripathi, A. (2017). Evidence of dengue and chikungunya virus co-infection and circulation of multiple dengue serotypes in a recent Indian outbreak. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 36, 2273–2279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3061-1
Murhekar, M., Kanagasabai, K., Shete, V., Joshua, V., Ravi, M., Kirubakran, B. K., Ramachandran, R., Sabarinathan. & Gupta, N. (2019). Epidemiology of chikungunya based on laboratory surveillance data—India, 2016–2018. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 113,259–262. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/try141
Nayak, K., Jain, V., Kaur, M., Khan, N., Gottimukkala, K., Aggarwal,C., Sagar, R., Gupta, S., Rai, R. R., Dixit, K., Islamuddin, M., Khan, W. H., Verma, A., Maheshwari, D., Chawla, Y. M., Reddy, E. S., Panda, H., Sharma, P., Bhatnagar, P., Singh, P., Raghavendhar B, S., Patel, A. K., Ratageri, V. H., Chandele, A., Ray, P. & Murali-Krishna, K. (2020). Antibody response patterns in chikungunya febrile phase predicts protection versus progression to chronic arthritis. JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.130509
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme. In: Dengue Cases and Deaths in the Country since 2015. https://nvbdcp.gov.in/index4.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=431&lid=3715. Accessed 29 Aug 2020
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Molecular surveillance of Dengue Virus (DENV) and its co-infection with Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) among febrile patients: A comparative study from South Delhi, India. (2021). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(2), 433-442. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2616
