Effect of different sources of potassium on yield and quality of apple (cv. Red Delicious) in temperate conditions
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Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to observe the effect of potassium on different parameters of apple in temperate conditions. Randomized block design experiment was adapted for an orchard of 15 years old with collection of soil samples and their analysis for physico-chemical properties under different treatments with fixed quantity of urea (1500g/tree), DAP (750g/tree) and potassium through MOP, K2SO4 and K-Schoenite (2500g/tree) in three, one and two split applications, respectively. The first application of recommended quantity of fertilizers was applied three weeks before expected bloom, Second three weeks after fruit set and third application at the end of July. Sample collection was done in the month of September followed by analysis for different parameters and results revealed that application of potassium through MOP @ 2500g/tree with two foliar applications of MOP @ 1.5 % including vermicompost @ 5kg/tree (T4) improved soil physical conditions, nutrient availability, fruit yield and quality of apple. The combined effect of chemical fertilizer, two sprays and organic fertilizer (vermicompost) showed significantly (P?0.05) higher results of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium magnesium and sulphur but low calcium than other vermicompost added treatments. The work concluded that different potassium sources can have great impact on yield and quality of apple and respond to level of concentrations or dose as applied in current study with different split.
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Keywords
Apple, Potassium, Quality, Vermicompost, Yield
References
Anjum, R., Kirmani, N. A., Nageena, N., and Sameera, S. (2008). Quality of apple cv. Red delicious as influenced by potassium. Asian Journal of Soil Science. 3: 227-229.
Anonymous (2009). United states Department of Agriculture (USDA). National Nutrient Database For Standard Reference, Release 22.
Anonymous (2014). Kashmir horticulture blooms. Apple production, area under crop on rise. Greater Kashmir, 7th May 2014.
AOAC (1980). Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Agriculture Chemist, Washington, USA. 484.
Awasthi, R.P., Bhutani, V.P., Mankotia, M.S., Chandel, J.S. and Dev, G. (1993). Potassium increases yield and quality of Santa Rosa plum. Better Crops International. 9: 22-24.
Barden, J.A. and Thompson, A.H. (1962). Effect of heavy annual application of potassium on Red Delicious apple trees. Proceedings of American Society of Horticulture Science. 81: 18-25.
Bhonsle, N.S. Pal, S.K. and Sekhon, G.S. (1992). Relationship of potassium forms and release characteristics with clay mineralogy. Geoderma. 54: 285-293. DOI: 10.1016/0016-061(92)90110-S
Blanchar, R.W., Rehm, G. and Caldwell, A. C. (1965). Sulfur in Plant Materials by Digestion with Nitric and Perchloric Acid. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 29: 71.
Chand, S. and Somani, L.L. (2003). Balanced use of fertilizers, Organics and Biofertilizers in mustard. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 21:133-140
Cuming, G.A. (1980). Potassium fertilization increases yield and quality of fruits. Better Crop with Plant Food. 64: 20-21.
Daroshenko, T.N., Ostapendo, V.I., Byazaznova, L.G., Dubravina, I.V. and Chumakov, S.S. (2005). Formation of the quality of apple fruit under the effect of foliar application. Russian Agriculture Science. 5: 29-32.
Daroshenko, T.N., Ostapendo, V.I., Byazaznova, L.G., Dubravina, I.V. and Chumakov, S.S. (2005). Formation of the quality of apple fruit under the effect of foliar application. Russian Agriculture Science. 5: 29-32.
Dev, G., Kaith, N.S. and Awasthi, R.P. (1995). Influence of rate and method of potassium application on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf nutrient status of apple. Journal of Potassium Research. 11: 3-4.
Dias, J. and Flore, J.A. (2002). Annual addition of potassium to the soil increased apple yield in Brazil. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 15-18
Fisher, E.G. and Kwong, S.S. (1961). The effect of potassium fertilization on fruit quality of Mclntosh apple production. American Society of Horticulture Science. 78: 16-23.
Gopalswamy, N. (1969). Effect of graded doses of potassium on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) var. Anabe-Shahi, M. Sc. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agri. Univ. Coimbatore (India).
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.L. (1984). Statistical procedures for agriculture research. Willy Inter Science Publication, New York. 2.
Haeder, H.E. and Mengel, L.K. (1976). The influence of combined variation in light intensity and potassium nutrition on CO2 assimilation and yield formation in spring wheat. Potash Review. 54: 1-10.
Hafeez, A.A.A., Mohamed, A.I., Taha, N.M. and Mahaisen, S.M.A. (2010). Effect of some sources of potassium and calcium as a foliar spray on fruit quality and storability of Kelsey plums. Egypt journal of Horticulture. 37: 151-168.
Hansen, P. (1970). The effect of N, K, Ca and Mg on the nutrient growth and leaf development of Cox’s orange apple in sand culture. Tidsskr planteavl. 74: 557-585.
Huang, P. (1977). Feldspars, pyroxenes and amphiboles. In: Mineral, in Soil Environment (Eds. Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B.), Madison. Wisconsin. American Society of Soil Science. 553-602.
Hudina, M., Stampar, F., Tagliarini, M., Toselli, M.M., Bertschinger, L. and Thalheimer, M. (2002). Effect of phosphorous and potassium foliar fertilization on fruit quality of pears. Proceedings of the international symposium on foliar nutrition of perennial fruit plants. Acta Horticulturae. 594: 487-493.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 498.
Kaith, N.S. and Awasthi, R.P. (1989). The effect of crop load in assessing the nutrient requirements of apple trees. International Symposium on diagnosis of nutritional status of deciduous fruit orchards. Acta Horticulturae. 274.
Kaith, N.S. and Awasthi, R.P. (1998). Effect of potassium on growth, yield, fruit quality and nutrient status of apple Starking Delicious. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 55: 10-15.
Kaith, N.S., Mehta, D.K., Sharma, U. (2010). Effect of different levels of potassium on growth, yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica ). Journal of Hill Agriculture. 1: 160-163.
Kilany, A.E. and Kilany, O.A. (1991). Effect of potassium and boron nutrients on growth, yield and fruit quality of Anna apple trees. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture University, Cairo. 41: 415-428.
Mishra, M.K., Srivastava, P.C. and Ghosh, D. (1993). Forms of potassium in relation to soil properties and clay mineralogy in some soils of Chambal command area of Rajasthan. Journal of Potassium Research. 9: 87-94.
Nabi B.B., Dar M.A., Peer F.A. Farooq K. (2018). Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and their relationship with yield and quality parameters in high density apple Cv. silver spur under temperate conditions of Kashmir. International Journal of Chemical Studies.6: 2110-2113.
Naiema, M.S.M. (2003). Effect of different doses of nitrogen and potassium on leaf mineral content, fruit set, yield and fruit quality of apple trees grown in calcareous soil. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research. 48: 85-92.
Najar, G R., Akhtar, F, Singh, S.R. and Wani, J.A. (2009). Characterization and classification of apple orchards. Journal of Indian society of soil science. 57: 81-84.
Oberly, G.H. and Kenworthy, A.L. (1961). Effect of mineral nutrition on the occurrence of bitter pit in Northern spy apples. Proceedings of American Society of Horticulture Science. 77: 29-34.
Piper, C.S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis. Hans Publishers, Bombay .368.
Pratt, P.P. (1982). Potassium. 111: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II (Eds. Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R.) (American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA). 225-246.
Ramamoorthy, B. and Paliwal, K.V. (1976). Potassium adsorption ratio for some paddy soils in relation to their potassium availability. Soil Science, 99:236-242
Simith, C.B. (1962). Mineral analysis of plant tissues. Plant Physiology. 13: 81-108.
Singh, H.R., Singh, T.A. and Singh, S. (1993). Potassium forms in Mollisols of Nainital Tarai. Journal of Potassium Research. 9: 8-15.
Singh, A.K., Sarkar, A.K., Kumar, A. and Singh, B.P. (2009). Effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers, lime and farmyard manure on the crop yield, available plant nutrients and heavy metal status in acidic loam soil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 57: 362-365.
Sparks, D.L, Page, A.L, Helmke, P.A., Leoppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T. and Summer, M.E. (1996). Method of Soil Analysis part 3. American Society of Agronomy Inc, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Wani, S.A., Qazi, N.A., Hakim, K.A., Bhat, M.Y., Lone, G.M., Bhat, Z.A., Mir, M.A., Khan, N.A., Singh, A., Iqbal, U. and Pratap, T. (2014). Apple Orchards of Kashmir - A Study on the State-of-Affairs. Directorate of Research SKUAST Kashmir.
Wójcik, P. (2005). Proceedings International Scientific Conference: Environmentally friendly fruit growing, Polli, Estonia, 7-9 September, 44-50.
Anonymous (2009). United states Department of Agriculture (USDA). National Nutrient Database For Standard Reference, Release 22.
Anonymous (2014). Kashmir horticulture blooms. Apple production, area under crop on rise. Greater Kashmir, 7th May 2014.
AOAC (1980). Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Agriculture Chemist, Washington, USA. 484.
Awasthi, R.P., Bhutani, V.P., Mankotia, M.S., Chandel, J.S. and Dev, G. (1993). Potassium increases yield and quality of Santa Rosa plum. Better Crops International. 9: 22-24.
Barden, J.A. and Thompson, A.H. (1962). Effect of heavy annual application of potassium on Red Delicious apple trees. Proceedings of American Society of Horticulture Science. 81: 18-25.
Bhonsle, N.S. Pal, S.K. and Sekhon, G.S. (1992). Relationship of potassium forms and release characteristics with clay mineralogy. Geoderma. 54: 285-293. DOI: 10.1016/0016-061(92)90110-S
Blanchar, R.W., Rehm, G. and Caldwell, A. C. (1965). Sulfur in Plant Materials by Digestion with Nitric and Perchloric Acid. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 29: 71.
Chand, S. and Somani, L.L. (2003). Balanced use of fertilizers, Organics and Biofertilizers in mustard. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 21:133-140
Cuming, G.A. (1980). Potassium fertilization increases yield and quality of fruits. Better Crop with Plant Food. 64: 20-21.
Daroshenko, T.N., Ostapendo, V.I., Byazaznova, L.G., Dubravina, I.V. and Chumakov, S.S. (2005). Formation of the quality of apple fruit under the effect of foliar application. Russian Agriculture Science. 5: 29-32.
Daroshenko, T.N., Ostapendo, V.I., Byazaznova, L.G., Dubravina, I.V. and Chumakov, S.S. (2005). Formation of the quality of apple fruit under the effect of foliar application. Russian Agriculture Science. 5: 29-32.
Dev, G., Kaith, N.S. and Awasthi, R.P. (1995). Influence of rate and method of potassium application on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf nutrient status of apple. Journal of Potassium Research. 11: 3-4.
Dias, J. and Flore, J.A. (2002). Annual addition of potassium to the soil increased apple yield in Brazil. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 15-18
Fisher, E.G. and Kwong, S.S. (1961). The effect of potassium fertilization on fruit quality of Mclntosh apple production. American Society of Horticulture Science. 78: 16-23.
Gopalswamy, N. (1969). Effect of graded doses of potassium on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) var. Anabe-Shahi, M. Sc. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agri. Univ. Coimbatore (India).
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.L. (1984). Statistical procedures for agriculture research. Willy Inter Science Publication, New York. 2.
Haeder, H.E. and Mengel, L.K. (1976). The influence of combined variation in light intensity and potassium nutrition on CO2 assimilation and yield formation in spring wheat. Potash Review. 54: 1-10.
Hafeez, A.A.A., Mohamed, A.I., Taha, N.M. and Mahaisen, S.M.A. (2010). Effect of some sources of potassium and calcium as a foliar spray on fruit quality and storability of Kelsey plums. Egypt journal of Horticulture. 37: 151-168.
Hansen, P. (1970). The effect of N, K, Ca and Mg on the nutrient growth and leaf development of Cox’s orange apple in sand culture. Tidsskr planteavl. 74: 557-585.
Huang, P. (1977). Feldspars, pyroxenes and amphiboles. In: Mineral, in Soil Environment (Eds. Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B.), Madison. Wisconsin. American Society of Soil Science. 553-602.
Hudina, M., Stampar, F., Tagliarini, M., Toselli, M.M., Bertschinger, L. and Thalheimer, M. (2002). Effect of phosphorous and potassium foliar fertilization on fruit quality of pears. Proceedings of the international symposium on foliar nutrition of perennial fruit plants. Acta Horticulturae. 594: 487-493.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 498.
Kaith, N.S. and Awasthi, R.P. (1989). The effect of crop load in assessing the nutrient requirements of apple trees. International Symposium on diagnosis of nutritional status of deciduous fruit orchards. Acta Horticulturae. 274.
Kaith, N.S. and Awasthi, R.P. (1998). Effect of potassium on growth, yield, fruit quality and nutrient status of apple Starking Delicious. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 55: 10-15.
Kaith, N.S., Mehta, D.K., Sharma, U. (2010). Effect of different levels of potassium on growth, yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica ). Journal of Hill Agriculture. 1: 160-163.
Kilany, A.E. and Kilany, O.A. (1991). Effect of potassium and boron nutrients on growth, yield and fruit quality of Anna apple trees. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture University, Cairo. 41: 415-428.
Mishra, M.K., Srivastava, P.C. and Ghosh, D. (1993). Forms of potassium in relation to soil properties and clay mineralogy in some soils of Chambal command area of Rajasthan. Journal of Potassium Research. 9: 87-94.
Nabi B.B., Dar M.A., Peer F.A. Farooq K. (2018). Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and their relationship with yield and quality parameters in high density apple Cv. silver spur under temperate conditions of Kashmir. International Journal of Chemical Studies.6: 2110-2113.
Naiema, M.S.M. (2003). Effect of different doses of nitrogen and potassium on leaf mineral content, fruit set, yield and fruit quality of apple trees grown in calcareous soil. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research. 48: 85-92.
Najar, G R., Akhtar, F, Singh, S.R. and Wani, J.A. (2009). Characterization and classification of apple orchards. Journal of Indian society of soil science. 57: 81-84.
Oberly, G.H. and Kenworthy, A.L. (1961). Effect of mineral nutrition on the occurrence of bitter pit in Northern spy apples. Proceedings of American Society of Horticulture Science. 77: 29-34.
Piper, C.S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis. Hans Publishers, Bombay .368.
Pratt, P.P. (1982). Potassium. 111: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II (Eds. Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R.) (American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA). 225-246.
Ramamoorthy, B. and Paliwal, K.V. (1976). Potassium adsorption ratio for some paddy soils in relation to their potassium availability. Soil Science, 99:236-242
Simith, C.B. (1962). Mineral analysis of plant tissues. Plant Physiology. 13: 81-108.
Singh, H.R., Singh, T.A. and Singh, S. (1993). Potassium forms in Mollisols of Nainital Tarai. Journal of Potassium Research. 9: 8-15.
Singh, A.K., Sarkar, A.K., Kumar, A. and Singh, B.P. (2009). Effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers, lime and farmyard manure on the crop yield, available plant nutrients and heavy metal status in acidic loam soil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 57: 362-365.
Sparks, D.L, Page, A.L, Helmke, P.A., Leoppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T. and Summer, M.E. (1996). Method of Soil Analysis part 3. American Society of Agronomy Inc, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Wani, S.A., Qazi, N.A., Hakim, K.A., Bhat, M.Y., Lone, G.M., Bhat, Z.A., Mir, M.A., Khan, N.A., Singh, A., Iqbal, U. and Pratap, T. (2014). Apple Orchards of Kashmir - A Study on the State-of-Affairs. Directorate of Research SKUAST Kashmir.
Wójcik, P. (2005). Proceedings International Scientific Conference: Environmentally friendly fruit growing, Polli, Estonia, 7-9 September, 44-50.
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Effect of different sources of potassium on yield and quality of apple (cv. Red Delicious) in temperate conditions. (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(4), 1332-1340. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1945
