Assessment of tree diversity in distinctive deciduous forests of Suruli falls, Southern Western Ghats
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Abstract
A quantitative inventory was conducted in two distinctive tropical deciduous forests at Suruli falls forest of southern Western Ghats. Two one-hectare plots were established and all trees >10cm DBH measured. Species richness, density, family importance value (FIV) and importance value index (IVI) were calculated and the results varied among the two sites. A total of 777 stems and 52 species were documented in both the sites and moist deciduous forest (MDF) had maximum number species richness and density than dry deciduous forest (DDF). The basal area was higher in MDF (502 stems/ha and 16.52 m2/ha) than in DDF (275 stems/ha and 7.23 m2/ha). However, Shannon and evenness indices showed a negative trend (DDF- 2.62, 0.41 and MDF- 2.37, 0.27). Diameter class-wise distribution of trees showed reverse ‘J shaped’ curve in both the forest types. Pterocarpus marsupium was the mono-dominant species holding one-third of the IVI (113), 27% of the stem density and 30% of the total basal area. DDF site is suspected to recurrence of annual fire. Anogeissus latifolia and Strychnos potatorum were the fire-tolerant species only found in lower diameter class. The maximum species shared contiguous distribution in the deciduous forests. The observed variations in the tree community between the two deciduous forest sites are possibly due to variations in altitude, rainfall, temperature, past disturbance, fire and edaphic characteristics.
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Keywords
Tropical forest, Species richness, Forest fire, Distribution, Mono-dominance
References
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Kanagaraj, S., Selvaraj, M., Kangabam, R.D. and Munisamy, G. (2017). Assessment of tree species diversity and its distribution pattern in Pachamalai reserve forest, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 36(1): 32–46. https: //doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2016. 1238768
Karuppusamy, S and Ravichandran, V. (2016). Diversity Assessment of Woody Plants of Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Theni District, Tamilnadu. Bio Bulletin. 2(1): 74-89.
Kaul, O.N, and Sharma, D.C. (1971). Forest type Statistics. Indian Forester. 97: 432-436.
Kodandapani, N., Cochrane, M.A. and Sukumar, R. (2004). Conservation threat of increasing fire frequencies in the Western Ghats, India. Conservation Biology, 18 (6): 1553–1561. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00433.x
Kothandaraman, S. and Sundarapandian, S.M. (2017). Structure of plant community in tropical deciduous forests of Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, India. Biodiversitas, 18(1): 391-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00433.x
Kour, K. and Sharma, S. (2014). Diversity and phytosociological analysis of tree species in sacred groves of Vijaypur block, Samba (J&K). International Journal of Science and Research. 3(6): 859-862.
Krishna, P.H. and Reddy, C.S. (2012). Assessment of increasing threat of forest fires in Rajasthan, India using multi-temporal remote sensing data (2005–2010). Current Science, 102(9). https://www.jstor.org/stable/44721845
Krishnamurthy, Y.L., Prakasha, H.M., Nanda. A., Krishnappa, M., Dattaraja, H.S. and Suresh, H.S. (2010). Vegetation structure and floristic composition of a tropical dry deciduous forest in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India. Tropical Ecology. 51(2): 235-246.
Kumar J.I.N., Kumar, R.N., Bhoi1, R.K. and Sajish, P.R. (2010). Tree species diversity and soil nutrient status in three sites of tropical dry deciduous forest of western India. Tropical Ecology. 51(2): 273-279.
Lal, C., Singh, L., Attri, V. and Sarvade, S. (2015). Tree species diversity, distribution and population structure in a tropical dry deciduous forests of Chhatisgarh. India Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7 (2): 681- 685. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.666
Ledig, F.T. (1992). Human impact on genetic diversity in forest ecosystems. Oikos, 63: 87-108. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3545518
Misra, R. (1983). Indian savanna. Bourliere, F. (ed.), Ecosystems of the world-tropical savannas. Elsevier, pp 151-166.
Mohandass, D., Hughes, A.C., Mackay, B., Davidar, P. and Chhabra, T. (2016). Floristic species composition and structure of a mid-elevation tropical montane evergreen forests (sholas) of the western ghats, southern India. Tropical Ecology. 57(3): 533-543.
Murphy, P.G. and Lugo, A.E. (1986). Ecology of dry tropical forest. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 17: 67-88. https: //doi.org/10.1146/ annurev.es. 17.110186.000435
Naidu, M.T., Premavani, D., Suthari, S. and Venkaiah, M. (2018). Assessment of tree diversity in tropical deciduous forests of north central Eastern Ghats, India. Geology, Ecology and Landscapes, 2(3): 216-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508. 2018. 1452479
Nair, N.C. and Daniel, P. (1986). Floristic diversity of the Western Ghats and its conservation: a review. Proceeding of Indian Academy of Science Supplementary. 127-163.
Naveenkumar, J., Arunkumar, K. S. and Sundarapandian, SM. (2017). Biomass and carbon stocks of a tropical dry forest of the Javadi Hills, Eastern Ghats, India. Carbon Management, 8(5-6):351-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2017.1362946
Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
Padmakumar, B., Sreekanth, N.P., Shanthiprabha, V., Paul, J., Sreedharan, K., Augustine, T., Jayasooryan, K.K., Rameshan, M., Mohan, M., Ramasamy, E.V. and Thomas, A.P. (2018). Tree biomass and carbon density estimation in the tropical dry forest of Southern Western Ghats, India. iForest,11: 534-541. doi: 10.3832/ifor2190-011
Parsons, R.F. and Cameron, D.S. (1974). Maximum plant species diversity in terrestrial communities. Biotropica, 6:202-203. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2989653
Parthasarathy, N. (1999). Tree diversity and distribution in undisturbed and human-impacted sites of tropical wet evergreen forest in southern Western Ghats, India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8:1365–1381. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008949407385
Pascal, J.P. and Pelissier, R. (1996). Structure and floristic composition of a tropical evergreen forest in south-west India. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 12: 191–214. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2560093
Poorter, L., van der Sande, M. T., Thompson, J., Arets, E. J. M. M. et al. (2015). Diversity enhances carbon storage in tropical forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24:1314-1328. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12364
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Assessment of tree diversity in distinctive deciduous forests of Suruli falls, Southern Western Ghats. (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(4), 1085-1093. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1879
