Phytotoxic impact of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on Macrotyloma uniflorum a pulse crop in a dry tropical environment, Bihar, India
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Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of leaf, stem and root of Parthenium hysterophorus on the rate of seed germination (%) and seedling growth (cm) in Macrotyloma uniflorum. The different concentrations of root, stem and leaf extract used in the experiment were 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The rate of seed germination, length of root and shoot and Seed Vigour Index (SVI) values were recorded. Data collected were analysed for Pearsons Correlation Coefficient, Tukey HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) and Post HOC Tests. It was recorded that SVI value decreased in different concentrations of leaf, stem and root from 23.53 to 100%, 3.33 to 26.21% and 32.44 to 100%, respectively. This indicated that leaf and root extracts were more phytotoxic to M.uniflorum than the stem extract of P.hysterophorus. The rate of seed germination and length of shoot differed significantly in different concentrations than the length of root, as indicated by Post HOC Test. The effect of plant parts i.e. root, stem and leaf; treatments i.e. different concentrations and interaction of plant parts and treatments were significantly differed at p < 0.000. Generally the impacts of different parts were also significantly different at p < 0.000. Thus, this study indicated that the leaf and root extracts are more toxic to M. uniflorum than the stem extract; and the rate of seed germination and shoot length were more affected than the root length. The seed germination and shoot growth in M. uniflorum are affected by leaf and root extracts of Parthenium.
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Keywords
Phytotoxic effect, , Parthenium hysterophorus, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Seed Vigour Index
References
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Bhowmik, P.C., Sarkar, D. and Yaduraju, N.T. (2007). The status of Parthenium hysterophorus and its potential management. Ecop. 14: 1 – 17.
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Demissie, A.G., Ashenafi, A., Arega, A., Etenash U., Kebeda A. and Tigist, A. (2013). Effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on germination and elongation of onion (Allium cepa) and Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Res. J. Chem. & Env. Sci. 1(2): 17 – 21
Devi, O.l. and Dutta, B.K. (2012). Allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of Parthenium hysterophorus and Chromolaena odorata on the seed germination and seedling vigour of Zea mays L. in vitro. App. J. Pl. Sci. 5(4):110-113.
Devi, Y.N., Dutta, B.K. Sagolshemcha, R. and Singh, N.I. (2014). Allelopathic effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on growth and productivity of Zea mays L. and its phytochemical screening. Int. J. Curr. Micro. & App. Sci. 3(7): 837-846.
Dogra, K. S. and Sood, S. K. (2012). Phytotoxicity of Parthenium hysterophorus residues towards growth of three native plant species (Acacia catechu Wild, Achyranthes aspera L. and Cassia tora L.) in Himachal Pradesh, India. Int. J. Pl. Phy. & Biochem. 4(5): 105 – 109
Gnanavel, I. and Natarajan, S.K. (2013). Parthenium hysterophorus L.: A major threat to natural and agro eco-system in India. Sci. Int. 1: 186-193.
Guzman, C.D. (1988). Allelopathic effects of seven weed species in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) under green house conditions. J. Agri. 72:491-493.
Jarvis, B.B., Pena, N.B., Rao, M.M., Comezoglu, R.S., Comezoglu, T.F., and Mandeva, N.B. (1985). Allelopathic agents for Parthenium hysterophorus and Baccharis megapotamica. In: The chemistry of allelopathy, biochemical interactions among the plants. Ame. Chem. Soci.149-159.
Karim, S. M. R. and Forzwa. R. (2010). Allelopathic effects of Parthenium weed on the seed germination and seedling growth of field crops. Abstract, Annual Botanical conference held at Chittagong University, Bangladesh during 9 to 10 January, 2010, pp: 38– 39
Kathiresan, R.M., Gnanavel, I., Anbhazhagan, R., Padmaria, S.P., Vijayalakshmi, N.K., and Arulchezhian, M.P. (2005). Ecology and control of Parthenium invasion in command area. In: Proceedings of Second International Conference on Parthenium Management. 5-7 Dec. Bangalore, India. 77-80.
Kaur, M., Aggarwal, N.K., Kumar, V. and Dhiman, R. (2014). Effects and management of Parthenium hysterophorus: A weed of global significance. Inter. Schol. Res. Noti. 1-12.
Khan, N., Hashmatullah, K., Naveed, Z.H. and Khan, S.A. (2012). Assessment of allelopathic effects of Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) plant parts on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Pakis. J. W. Sci. Res. 18(1):39-50.
Khalaj, M.A., Amiri, M. and Azimi, M.H. (2013). Allelopathy; Physiological and sustainable agriculture impact aspects. Int. J. Agro. & Pl. Prot, 415: 950 – 962.
Kohli, R.K., Kumari, A. and Saxena, D.B. (1985). Auto-and teletoxicity of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Brno [Czechoslovakia] 33: 253-263.
Kumar, S. (2012). Current Spread, Impact and Management of Parthenium weed in India. Int. Par. N. 5: 1-6.
Kumar, S. (2015). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of leaves of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet and Parthenium hysterophorus L. on seed germination and seedling growth of barley. Int. J. Phar. & Bio. Sci.6(4).1117-1120.
Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Ajayan, M.P. and John, G. (2008). Silver nanoparticle embedded antimicrobial paints based on vegetable oil. Nat. Mat. 7: 236-241.
Kumar, M. and Kumar, S. (2010). Effect of Parthenium hysterophorus ash on growth and biomass of Phaseolous mungo. Aca. Are. 2(1): 98-102.
Maharajan, S., Shrestha, B. B. and Pramod, K. J. (2007): Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on seed germination and seedling growth of some cultivated and wild herbaceous species. Sci. Wor. 5(5): 234 – 243.
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Phytotoxic impact of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on Macrotyloma uniflorum a pulse crop in a dry tropical environment, Bihar, India. (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(4), 1141-1148. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1825
