Effect of heavy metal, copper sulphate and potassium chromate on behaviour of “Tailless water flea” Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea - Cladocera)
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Abstract
Water fleas constitute major zooplankton population of fresh water aquatic ecosystem. Their population density is an indicative of well-being of aquatic bodies. Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea - Cladocera) is a tailless water flea and is well suited lab model for environmental monitoring. Copper a Gray listed heavy metals despite being an essential micronutrient, becomes highly toxic when present in excess quantity in aquatic ecosystem thereby causing deleterious effects on aquatic flora as well as fauna. The water-flea exposed to acute 0.37 mg/l (96hr LC50), sub-acute 0.0925 mg/l (25% of 96hr LC50) value and chronic 0.037 mg/l (10% of 96hr LC50) value of copper sulphate and acute 0.16 mg/l (96 hr LC50), sub-acute 0.04 mg/l (25% of 96 hr LC50) value and chronic 0.016 mg/l (10% of 96 hr LC50) value of potassium chromate showed behavioural alterations like initial hyperactivity, fast appendage movements and in phototaxis, geotaxis and avoidance indices. At later stage erratic swimming and spinning, reduced activity, loss of balance, reduced feeding and darkening of cuticular coloration, reduced phototactic, geotaxis and avoidance indices were the major effects on its behaviour. The behavioural alterations of S. vetulus showed the most susceptible and foremost indication of potential toxic effects. Various behavioural parameters, used in present study may serve as better biomarkers about metal toxicity and monitoring of drinking water quality
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Keywords
Behavioural alterations, Chromium, Copper, Simocephalus vetulus, Tailless water flea
References
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Ghate, H.V. and Mulherker, L. (1979). Histological changes in the gills of two freshwater prawn species exposed to capper sulphate. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 17: 838-840.
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Hanazato, T. (2001). Pesticide effects on freshwater zooplankton: an ecological perspective. Environ Pollut., 112: 1-10.
Hara, T.J. (1972). Electrical responses of the olfactory ion of pacific Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. J. Fish, Res. Board Can., 29: 1351-1355.
Hays, G.C. (2003). A review of the adaptive significance and ecosystem consequences of zooplankton diel vertical migrations. Hydrobiology, 503:163-170.
Irigoien, X., Huisman, J. and Harris, R.P. (2004). Global biodiversity patterns of marine phytoplankton and zooplankton. Nature, 429: 863-867.
Jeong, T.Y., Jeon, J. and Kim, S.D. (2014). Development and evaluation of new behavioral indexes for a biological early warning system using Daphnia magna. Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 7: 1-9.
Jezierska, B. K.lugowaska and K. Witeska (2002). The effect of temperature and heavy metals on Heart rate changes in common carp Cyprinus carpio (L) and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (val.) during embryonic development. Arch. Pol. Fish. / Arch. Ryb. Pol., 10(2): 153-165.
Kasherwani, D., Lodhi, H.S., Tiwari, K.J., Shukla, S. and Sharma, U.D. (2009). Cadmium Toxicity to Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Asian J. Exp. Sci., 23(1): 149-156.
Kien, N.B., Michels, E. and De Meester, L. (2001). Phototactic behavior of Daphnia and the continuous monitoring of water quality: interference of fish kairomones and food quality. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20 (5): 1098-1103.
Kovacs, A., Abdel-Hameid, N.A., Ács, A., Ferincz, A. and Kovats, N. (2012). A novel protocol for assessing aquatic pollution, based on the feeding inhibition of Daphnia magna. Knowl. Managt. Aqua. Eco., 404: 1-7.
LeBlanc, G.A. (1980). Acute Toxicity of Priority Pollutants to Water Flea (Daphnia Magna). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 24 (5): 684-691.
Lee, C.W., Jeon, H.P. and Pae, J.Y. (2004). Optimum culturing and testing conditions for environmental toxicity test with Simocephalus mixtus. Environ. Eng. Res. 9 (3): 125-129.
Levitis, D.A., Lidicker, W.Z. and Freund, G. (2009).
Behavioural biologists don't agree on what constitutes behaviour. Ani. Behav., 78(1): 103-110.
Lodhi, H.S., Khan, M.A., Verma, R.S. and Sharma, U.D. (2006). Acute toxicity of of copper sulphate to freshwater prawns. J. Environ. Biol. 27(3): 585-588.
Lopes, I., Baird, D.J. and Ribeiro, R. (2004). Avoidance of copper contamination by field populations of Daphnia longispina. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23: 1702-1708.
Lorenzon, S. (2005). Hyperglycemic stress response in crustacean. Review. ISJ 2. 132-141.
Luciana, R., Ulises, R., Susana, G., Horacio, T. and Maria, G.A. (2014). Effect of metals on Daphnia magna and cladocerans representatives of the Argentinean Fluvial Littoral. J. Environ. Biol., 35: 689-697.
Macedo-Sousa, J.A., Pestana, J.L.T., Gerhardt, A., Nougeira, A.J.A. and Soares, A.M.V.M. (2007). Behavioural and feeding responses of Echinogammarus meridionalis (Crustacea, Amphipoda) to acid mine drainage. Chemosphere, 67: 1663-1670.
Mahvi, A.H., Maleki, A., Alimohamadi, M. and Ghasri, A. (2007). Photo- oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution: Toxicity of intermediates. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24(1): 79-82.
Masud, S., Singh, I.J. and Ran, R.N. (2005). Behavioural haematological responses of Cyprinus carpio exposed to mercurial Chloride. J. Exp. Biol., 26(2): 393-397.
Mishra, A., Shukla, S. and Chopra, A.K. (2016). Acute toxicity of copper sulphate and potassium chromate to “tailless freshwater flea”, Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea-Cladocera). Inter. J. Adv. Res., 4(6): 316-321.
Mitra, A., Banerjee, K., Ghosh, R. and Ray S.K. (2010). Bioaccumulation Pattern of Heavy Metals in the Shrimps of the lower stretch of the River Ganga. Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci., 25 (2): 110-123.
Moore, M.V., Pierce, S.M., Walsh, H.M., Kvalvik, S.K. and Lim, J.D. (2000). Urban light pollution alters the diel vertical migration of Daphnia. Verh. Internat. Limnol., 27: 1-4.
Nagabhushnam, R. and Sarojini, R. (1989). Pollution and prawn fishery, In. Water Pollution (Conservation
Management) Edt. By A.K. Sinha, Ranblooj, P.N. Vishwanathan by B.L. Consul. For gyanoday Prakashan.
Nimmo, D.V., Lightner and Bahner, L.H. (1977). Effect of Cadmium on the shrimp Penaeus duorarum,
Palaemonetes pugio and Palaemonetes milgaris. In. Physiological responses of marine biota to pollutants (Ed. Vernberg et. al.,). Academic press, New York, 131-183.
Pandey, R.K., Singh, R.N., Singh, S., Singh, N.N. and Das, V.K. (2009). Acute toxicity bioassay of dimethoate on freshwater air breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J. Environ. Biol., 437-440.
Patro, L. (2006). Toxicological effects of cadmium chloride on Acetyl cholinesterase activity of freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus Peters. Asian J. Exp. Sci., 20(1): 171-180.
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Radhakrishnaiah, K. and B. Bussapa (1986). Effect of Cadmium on the carbohydrate metabolism of the freshwater field crab, oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricas). J. Environ. Biol., 7(1): 17-21.
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Effect of heavy metal, copper sulphate and potassium chromate on behaviour of “Tailless water flea” Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea - Cladocera). (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(1), 507-517. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1659
