##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Kommu Sudhakar G.S.S. Murthy Udaya Kumar. M Narasimha Reddy. Y Lakshman. M Rajeshwari Gaddam

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to investigate the detailed morphological features along with morphometry of different structures of Schistosoma spindale (Adult flukes) which were recovered by a perfusion technique and visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The length of spines on the oral sucker and ventral suckers were 2.6 µm and 2.5 µm, respectively. The measured width of aspinose area beneath the ventral sucker, rim of the ventral sucker and tegumental papillae were 5.4, 22.5 µm and 3 µm, respectively. Males have a welldefined gynaecophoric canal, originating just below the ventral sucker and extending up to the posterior end of the body, continued as a marked conical projection. The ventral surface of the oral sucker was completely covered with numerous spines. The ventral sucker was pedunculated, round, thick-rimmed and the inner side contained numerously pointed spines directed towards the center of the ventral sucker. The tegument surface of S. spindale showed ridged layers with large uniciliated and pit like papillae which were recorded more in posterior end. Thus, Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) provided indepth ultrastructural morphological details of Schistosoma spindale which was in accordance with that of previous studies, would be applicable for its differentiation with other species (S. mansoni, S. bovis, S. haematobium, S. japonicum).

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Keywords

Gynaecophoric canal, Schistosoma spindale, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Oral sucker, Ventral Sucker

References
Agrawal, M. C. (2000). Final report on national fellow project “Studies on strain identification, epidemiology, diagnosis, chemotherapy and zoonotic potentials of Indian schistosomes”. ICAR, New Delhi.
Agarwal, M. C. and Southgate, V. R. 2000. Schistosoma spindale and bovine schistosomiasis. J .Vet. Parasitol. 14: 95-107.
Barry, M. A., Simon, G. G., Mistry, N. and Hotez, P. J. (2013). Global trends in neglected tropical disease control and elimination: impact on child health. Arch Dis Child. 98(8):635–641.
Colley D. G., Bustinduy, A.L., Secor, W.E. and King, C.H. (2014). Human schistosomiasis. Lancet. 383(9936):2253–64.
Degheidy, N. S. and Shalaby, H. A. (2010). Scanning electron microscopic observations of adult Fasciola gigantica after immunization with glutathione S-Transferase in goats. Research Journal of Parasitology. 5 (2): 79-89.
El-Shabasy, E.A., Reda, E.S., Abdeen, S.H., Said, A.E. and Ouhtit, A. (2015). Transmission electron microscopic observations on ultrastructural alterations in Schistosoma mansoni adult worms recovered from C57BL/6 mice treated with radiation attenuated vaccine and/or praziquantel in addition to passive immunization with normal and vaccinated rabbit sera against infection. Parasitol Res. 114(4): 1563-80.
Hossain, M. S., Begum, N., Rima, U. K., Dey A, A. R. and Khan. M. A. H. N. A. (2015). Morphologic and molecular investigation of schistosomes from the mesenteric vein of slaughtered cattle. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 8 (4): 47-53
Inobaya, M. T., Olveda, R.M. and Chau, T. N. (2014). Prevention and control of schistosomiasis: a current perspective. Res Rep Trop Med. 65–75.
Jeyathilakan, N., Latha, B. R. and Basith, A. (2008). Seasonal prevalence of Schistosoma spindale in ruminants at Chennai. Tamil Nadu J Vet & Anim Sci. 4 (4): 135-138.
Kamel, R. O. A and Bayaumy, F. E. A. (2017). Ultrastructural alterations in Schistosoma mansoni juvenile and adult male worms after in vitro incubation with primaquine. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 112(4): 247-254.
Kuntz, R. E., Tulloch, G. S., Davidson, D. L., & Huang, T. C. (1976). Scanning electron microscopy of the integumental surfaces of Schistosoma haematobium. The J. Parasitol. 62: 63-69.
Latchumikanthan, A., Pothiappan, P., Ilayabharathi, D., Das, S. S., Kumar D. and Ilangovan. C. (2014). Occurrence of Schistosoma nasale infection in bullocks of Puducherry. J. Parasit. Dis. 38 (2): 238-240.
Machado-Silva, J. R., Lanfredi, R. M., Gomes and D. C. (1997). Morphological study of adult male worms of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 by scanning electron microscopy. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 92: 647–653.
Narain, K., and Mahanta, J. (1999). Scanning electron microscope of the tegumental surface of Schistosoma spindale isolated during an outbreak of cercarial dermatitis in Assam. Ind. J. Vet. Parasitol.13:103-106.
Niaz, A., Akhtar, T., Abdel-Salam, N. M., Sumaira Shams., Sultan Ayaz and Riaz Ullah. (2015). Comparison of indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and coprological diagnosis of schistosomosis in cows and buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Res. 49 (4): 503-507
Ravindran, R., Lakshmanan, B., Ravishankar, C. and Subramanian, H. (2007). Visceral schistosomiasis among domestic ruminants slaughtered in Wayanad, South India. South east Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Hlth, 38:1008-1010.
Rebello, K. M., Menna-Barreto, R. F., Chagas-Moutinho, V. A., Mota, E. M., Perales, J., Neves-Ferreira, A. G., Oliveira-Menezes, A., Lenzi, H., (2013). Morphological aspects of Angiostrongylus costaricensis by light and scanning electron microscopy. Acta Trop. 127, 191–198.
Sakamoto, K., and Ishii, Y. (1977). Scanning electron microscope observations on adult Schistosoma japonicum. The J. Parasitol. 407-412.
Skelly, P. J. and Alan Wilson, R. (2006). Making sense of the schistosome surface. Adv Parasitol. 63:185-284.
Soulsby, E. J. L. (2006). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domestic Animals 7thedn. pp. 71.
Southgate, V. R., Rollinson, D., and Vercruysse, J. (1986). Scanning electron microscopy of the tegument of adult Schistosoma curassoni, and comparison with male S. bovis and S. haematobium from Senegal. Parasitol, 93(03): 433-442.
Sumanth, S., D’Souza, P. and Jagannath, M. S. (2004). A study of nasal and visceral schistosomosis in cattle slaughtered at an abattoir in Bangalore, South India. Rev. Sci. Tech. 23:937-942.
Yang J, Feng X, Fu Z, Yuan C, Hong Y, Shi, Y., Zhang, M., Liu, J., Li, H., Lu, K. and Lin, Jiaojiao. (2012). Ultrastructural Observation and Gene Expression Profiling of Schistosoma japonicum Derived from Two Natural Reservoir Hosts, Water Buffalo and Yellow Cattle. Plos One. 7(10): e47660.
Section
Research Articles

How to Cite

Ultrastructural study on morphology of Schistosoma spindale by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(1), 347-351. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1628