Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach on Nutritional Diagnosis in Fruit crops- A Review
Article Main
Abstract
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is widely used statistical approach for interpretation of the plant tissue analysis data and to diagnose the plant nutreint needs much earlier than the reduction of crop yield with greater accuracy. It helps in simultaneous identifying imbalances, deficiencies and excesses of crop nutrients and ranks them in the order of their importance for their remedial steps. The DRIS norms based on foliar composition can developed in any crop and at any stage of its development. It provides a mathematical means of ordering large number of nutrient ratios into nutrient indices that can be easily interpreted. The nutrient ranges been established as deficient, low, optimum, high and excessive based on the mean of nutrient concentration and standard deviation from high yielding population to serve as a guide for a quick and routine diagnostic and advisory purpose. The major advantage of DRIS lies in its ability to minimize the effect of variation in tissue age on diagnosis, which allows a choice of wider range of tissues than permissible under the conventional critical value approach. Thus, DRIS is holistic in nature for identification of nutrient imbalance in crops and formulation of nutrient management strategies for achieving higher yields.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
DRIS indices, DRIS ratio norms, Fruit crops, Nutrient diagnosis
References
Angeles, D. E., Sumner, M. E. and Lahav, E. (1993). Preliminary DRIS norms for banana. J. Plant Nutr., 16:1059-1070
Anjaneyulu, K. (2007). Diagnostic petiole nutrient norms and identification of yield limiting nutrients in papaya (Carica papaya) using diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 77: 711-714
Anjaneyulu, K. (2008). Balanced fertilization in guava using leaf nutrient standards as a guide. Abstract 47-49. In: proceedings of National seminar on policy interventions for promotion of balanced fertilization and integrated nutrient management, Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palam-pur, Himachal Pradesh, 10-11 April. Himachal Pradesh state, India.
Awasthi, R.P., Shashi, K. and Bhutani, V.R. (2000). Diagno-sis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms for peach (Prunus persics L.) in Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Hort., 57: 277-280
Bailey, J.S., Beattie, J.A.M. and Kilpatrick, D.J. (1997). The DRIS for diagnosing the nutrient status of grassland swards I model establishment. Plant Soil, 197: 127-135
Bangroo S.A., Bhat, M.I., Tahir, Ali, Aziz, M.A, and Mushtaq, A.W. (2010). Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) –A Review. Int. J. Curr. Res., 10: 84-97
Beaufils, E.R. (1971). Physiological diagnosis-a guide for improving maize production based on principles devel-oped for rubber trees. Fert. Soc. S. Afr. J., 1:1-28
Beaufils, E.R. (1973). Diagnosis and recommendation inte-grated system (DRIS) a general scheme for experimen-tation and calibration based on principle developed from research in plant nutrition. South Africa. Soil Sci. Bull., 1: 1-132
Bhargava, B.S. (2002). Leaf analysis for nutrient diagnosis, recommendation and management in fruit crops. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 50:362-373
Bhargava, B.S. and Raghupathi, H.B. (1995). Current status and new norms of N nutrition for grapevine. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 65: 165-169
Bhargava, B.S. and Chadha, K.L. (1993). Leaf nutrient guides for fruit crops. In: Advances in Horticulture (Fruit crops), 2. (Ed., Chadha, K.L. and Parees, O.P.), Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi. pp 973-1030
Creste, J.E. (1996). Use of DRIS evaluation of the nutritional status of Sicilian lemon. Botucatu: Ph.D. Thesis, UNESP / FCA, 120p.
Disha, T., Rehalia, A.S. and Kumar, J. (2012). Establishment of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system norms for plum cv. Santa Rosa. Indian J. Hort., 69: 489-494
Hundal, H.S., and Arora, C.L. (1996). Preliminary micronu-trients foliar diagnostic norms for lychee (Litchi chinen-sis Sonn.). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 44: 294-298
Hundal, H.S., Dhanwinder, S. and Brar, J.S. (2005). Diagno-sis and recommendation integrated system for monitor-ing nutrient status of mango trees in sub-mountainous area of Punjab, India, Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 36: 2085-2099
Jones, C.A. (1981). Proposed modifications of the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) for in-terpreting plant analyses. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 12: 785-794
Jones, J.B. (1993). Modern interpretation system for soil and plant analysis in the USA. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 33: 1039-1043
Kuldip, S., Hundal, H.S. Dhanwinder, S. and Boora, R.S. (2010). Monitoring nutrient status of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) rruit trees in semi-arid and arid regions of Northwest India through Diagnostic Recommendation and Integrated System Approach. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 41: 2011-2021
Letzsch, W.S. and Sumner, M.E. (1984). Effect of popula-tion size and yield level in selection of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 15: 997-1006
Meldal-Johnsen, A. and Sumner, M.E. (1980). Foliar diag-nostic norms for potatoes. J. Plant Nutr., 2: 569–576
Memon, N., Memon, K.S. and Hassan, Z. (2005). Plant analysis as a diagnostic tool for evaluating nutritional requirement of banana. Inter. J. Agri. Bio., 7: 824-831
Moreno, J.J., Lucena, J.J. and Carpena, O. (1996). Effect of the iron supply on the nutrition of different citrus vari-ety/rootstock combinations using DRIS. J. Plant Nutr., 19: 698–704
Mourao-Filho, A.A. (2004). DRIS: Concepts and applica-tions on nutritional diagnosis in fruit crops. Sci. Agri., (Piracicaba, Brazil) 61: 550-560
Mourao-Filho, A.A., and Azevedo, J.C. (2003). DRIS norms for Valencia sweet orange on three rootstocks. Braz Agril. Res., 38: 85-93
Nachtigall, G.R. and Dechen, A.R. (2007). DRIS use on apple orchard nutritional evaluation in response to po-tassium fertilization, Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 38: 2557–2566
Nayak, A.K., Sharma, D.K. Singh, C.S. Mishra, V.K. Gur-bachan, S. and Anand, S. (2011). Diagnosis and recom-mendation integrated system approach for N, P, K and Zn foliar diagnostic norms for Aonla in Central Indo-Gangetic plains. J. Plant Nutr., 34: 547-556
Orlando, R., Eyhar, R. and Sumner, M.E. (1997). Valencia orange DRIS norms for Venezuela. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 28:1461-1468
Payne, G.G., Rechcigl, J.E. and Stepherson, R.L. (1990). Development of diagnosis and recommendation inte-grated system norms for bahia grass. Agronomy J., 82: 930-934
Raghupathi, H.B. and Bhargava, B.S. (1998). Leaf and soil nutrient diagnostic norms for pomegranate. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 46: 412-416
Raghupathi, H.B. and Bhargava, B.S. (1999). Comparison of CVA, DRIS and CND norms for diagnosis of nutrient balance in pomegranate. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 47: 488-492
Raghupathi, H.B., Sakthivel, T. and Ravishankar, H. (2013). Preliminary DRIS ratio norms for diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in Coorg mandarin. Indian J. Hort., 70:33-36
Sanchez, C.A., Sera, G.H. and Burdine, H.W. (1991). DRIS evaluation of the nutritional status of crisp head Lettuce. Hort. Sci., 26: 274-276
Santos, W.R. (1997). The evaluation of the nutritional bal-ance of macronutrients in citrus with different fertiliza-tions. Master Thesis. Piracicaba: USP / ESALQ, 112 p.
Savita, B. and Anjaneyulu. K. (2008). Development of leaf nutrient norms and identification of yield-limiting nutrients using DRIS in sapota cv. Kalipatti. J. Hort. Sci., 3: 136-140
Sharma, J., Shikhamany, S.D. Singh, R.H. and Raghupathi, H.B. (2005). Diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in Thom-son seedless grape grafted on Dog ridge rootstock by DRIS. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 36: 2823-2838
Singh, N.P., Awasthi, R.P. and Sud, A. (2000). Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms for apple (Musa paradisiaca). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 75: 432-434
Sumner, M.E. (1977). Use of DRIS system in foliar diagno-sis of crops at high yield levels. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 8: 251-268
Sumner, M.E. (1977a). Effect of corn leaf sampled on N, P, K, Ca and Mg content and calculated DRIS indices. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 8: 269–280
Sumner, M.E. (1979). Interpretation of foliar analysis for diagnostic purposes. Agron. J., 71: 343-348
Sumner, M. E. (1990). Advances in the use and application of plant analysis. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 21:1409-1430
Sumner, M.E. and Farina, P.M. (1986). Phosphorus interac-tions with other nutrients and lime in field cropping systems. Adv. Soil Sci., 5: 201-236
Synder, G.H. and Kretschmer, A.E. (1988). DRIS analysis for bahia grass pastures. Proceedings of Soil & Crop. Science Society of Florida, 47: 56–59
Szucs, E., Kallay, T. and Szenci, G. (1990). Determination of DRIS indices for apple (Malus domestica Borkh). Acta. Hort., 274: 443-453
Wairegi, L.W. and Van-Asten, P.J. (2011). Norms for multi-variate diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in the East Afri-can highland bananas (Musaspp. AAA). J. Plant Nutr., 34: 1453-1472
Walworth, J.L. and Sumner, M.E. (1987). The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). Adv. Soil Sci., 6: 149-187
Wortmann, C.S., Bosch, C.H. and Mukandala, L. (1994). Foliar nutrient analyses in bananas grown in the high-lands of East Africa. J. Agron. Crop. Sci., 172: 223–226
Anjaneyulu, K. (2007). Diagnostic petiole nutrient norms and identification of yield limiting nutrients in papaya (Carica papaya) using diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 77: 711-714
Anjaneyulu, K. (2008). Balanced fertilization in guava using leaf nutrient standards as a guide. Abstract 47-49. In: proceedings of National seminar on policy interventions for promotion of balanced fertilization and integrated nutrient management, Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palam-pur, Himachal Pradesh, 10-11 April. Himachal Pradesh state, India.
Awasthi, R.P., Shashi, K. and Bhutani, V.R. (2000). Diagno-sis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms for peach (Prunus persics L.) in Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Hort., 57: 277-280
Bailey, J.S., Beattie, J.A.M. and Kilpatrick, D.J. (1997). The DRIS for diagnosing the nutrient status of grassland swards I model establishment. Plant Soil, 197: 127-135
Bangroo S.A., Bhat, M.I., Tahir, Ali, Aziz, M.A, and Mushtaq, A.W. (2010). Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) –A Review. Int. J. Curr. Res., 10: 84-97
Beaufils, E.R. (1971). Physiological diagnosis-a guide for improving maize production based on principles devel-oped for rubber trees. Fert. Soc. S. Afr. J., 1:1-28
Beaufils, E.R. (1973). Diagnosis and recommendation inte-grated system (DRIS) a general scheme for experimen-tation and calibration based on principle developed from research in plant nutrition. South Africa. Soil Sci. Bull., 1: 1-132
Bhargava, B.S. (2002). Leaf analysis for nutrient diagnosis, recommendation and management in fruit crops. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 50:362-373
Bhargava, B.S. and Raghupathi, H.B. (1995). Current status and new norms of N nutrition for grapevine. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 65: 165-169
Bhargava, B.S. and Chadha, K.L. (1993). Leaf nutrient guides for fruit crops. In: Advances in Horticulture (Fruit crops), 2. (Ed., Chadha, K.L. and Parees, O.P.), Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi. pp 973-1030
Creste, J.E. (1996). Use of DRIS evaluation of the nutritional status of Sicilian lemon. Botucatu: Ph.D. Thesis, UNESP / FCA, 120p.
Disha, T., Rehalia, A.S. and Kumar, J. (2012). Establishment of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system norms for plum cv. Santa Rosa. Indian J. Hort., 69: 489-494
Hundal, H.S., and Arora, C.L. (1996). Preliminary micronu-trients foliar diagnostic norms for lychee (Litchi chinen-sis Sonn.). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 44: 294-298
Hundal, H.S., Dhanwinder, S. and Brar, J.S. (2005). Diagno-sis and recommendation integrated system for monitor-ing nutrient status of mango trees in sub-mountainous area of Punjab, India, Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 36: 2085-2099
Jones, C.A. (1981). Proposed modifications of the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) for in-terpreting plant analyses. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 12: 785-794
Jones, J.B. (1993). Modern interpretation system for soil and plant analysis in the USA. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 33: 1039-1043
Kuldip, S., Hundal, H.S. Dhanwinder, S. and Boora, R.S. (2010). Monitoring nutrient status of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) rruit trees in semi-arid and arid regions of Northwest India through Diagnostic Recommendation and Integrated System Approach. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 41: 2011-2021
Letzsch, W.S. and Sumner, M.E. (1984). Effect of popula-tion size and yield level in selection of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 15: 997-1006
Meldal-Johnsen, A. and Sumner, M.E. (1980). Foliar diag-nostic norms for potatoes. J. Plant Nutr., 2: 569–576
Memon, N., Memon, K.S. and Hassan, Z. (2005). Plant analysis as a diagnostic tool for evaluating nutritional requirement of banana. Inter. J. Agri. Bio., 7: 824-831
Moreno, J.J., Lucena, J.J. and Carpena, O. (1996). Effect of the iron supply on the nutrition of different citrus vari-ety/rootstock combinations using DRIS. J. Plant Nutr., 19: 698–704
Mourao-Filho, A.A. (2004). DRIS: Concepts and applica-tions on nutritional diagnosis in fruit crops. Sci. Agri., (Piracicaba, Brazil) 61: 550-560
Mourao-Filho, A.A., and Azevedo, J.C. (2003). DRIS norms for Valencia sweet orange on three rootstocks. Braz Agril. Res., 38: 85-93
Nachtigall, G.R. and Dechen, A.R. (2007). DRIS use on apple orchard nutritional evaluation in response to po-tassium fertilization, Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 38: 2557–2566
Nayak, A.K., Sharma, D.K. Singh, C.S. Mishra, V.K. Gur-bachan, S. and Anand, S. (2011). Diagnosis and recom-mendation integrated system approach for N, P, K and Zn foliar diagnostic norms for Aonla in Central Indo-Gangetic plains. J. Plant Nutr., 34: 547-556
Orlando, R., Eyhar, R. and Sumner, M.E. (1997). Valencia orange DRIS norms for Venezuela. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 28:1461-1468
Payne, G.G., Rechcigl, J.E. and Stepherson, R.L. (1990). Development of diagnosis and recommendation inte-grated system norms for bahia grass. Agronomy J., 82: 930-934
Raghupathi, H.B. and Bhargava, B.S. (1998). Leaf and soil nutrient diagnostic norms for pomegranate. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 46: 412-416
Raghupathi, H.B. and Bhargava, B.S. (1999). Comparison of CVA, DRIS and CND norms for diagnosis of nutrient balance in pomegranate. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 47: 488-492
Raghupathi, H.B., Sakthivel, T. and Ravishankar, H. (2013). Preliminary DRIS ratio norms for diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in Coorg mandarin. Indian J. Hort., 70:33-36
Sanchez, C.A., Sera, G.H. and Burdine, H.W. (1991). DRIS evaluation of the nutritional status of crisp head Lettuce. Hort. Sci., 26: 274-276
Santos, W.R. (1997). The evaluation of the nutritional bal-ance of macronutrients in citrus with different fertiliza-tions. Master Thesis. Piracicaba: USP / ESALQ, 112 p.
Savita, B. and Anjaneyulu. K. (2008). Development of leaf nutrient norms and identification of yield-limiting nutrients using DRIS in sapota cv. Kalipatti. J. Hort. Sci., 3: 136-140
Sharma, J., Shikhamany, S.D. Singh, R.H. and Raghupathi, H.B. (2005). Diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in Thom-son seedless grape grafted on Dog ridge rootstock by DRIS. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 36: 2823-2838
Singh, N.P., Awasthi, R.P. and Sud, A. (2000). Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms for apple (Musa paradisiaca). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 75: 432-434
Sumner, M.E. (1977). Use of DRIS system in foliar diagno-sis of crops at high yield levels. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 8: 251-268
Sumner, M.E. (1977a). Effect of corn leaf sampled on N, P, K, Ca and Mg content and calculated DRIS indices. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 8: 269–280
Sumner, M.E. (1979). Interpretation of foliar analysis for diagnostic purposes. Agron. J., 71: 343-348
Sumner, M. E. (1990). Advances in the use and application of plant analysis. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 21:1409-1430
Sumner, M.E. and Farina, P.M. (1986). Phosphorus interac-tions with other nutrients and lime in field cropping systems. Adv. Soil Sci., 5: 201-236
Synder, G.H. and Kretschmer, A.E. (1988). DRIS analysis for bahia grass pastures. Proceedings of Soil & Crop. Science Society of Florida, 47: 56–59
Szucs, E., Kallay, T. and Szenci, G. (1990). Determination of DRIS indices for apple (Malus domestica Borkh). Acta. Hort., 274: 443-453
Wairegi, L.W. and Van-Asten, P.J. (2011). Norms for multi-variate diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in the East Afri-can highland bananas (Musaspp. AAA). J. Plant Nutr., 34: 1453-1472
Walworth, J.L. and Sumner, M.E. (1987). The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). Adv. Soil Sci., 6: 149-187
Wortmann, C.S., Bosch, C.H. and Mukandala, L. (1994). Foliar nutrient analyses in bananas grown in the high-lands of East Africa. J. Agron. Crop. Sci., 172: 223–226
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach on Nutritional Diagnosis in Fruit crops- A Review. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(4), 2337-2345. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1134
