Soil quality assessment in difference vegetation structures of Surajpur lake: An urban wetland of Upper Gangetic plain, Northern India
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Abstract
Surajpur Lake is the prominent wetland site in National Capital Region, India known for its rich avifaunal and other aquatic biodiversity. Present study was carried out to assess the soil quality in different vegetation structures in Surajpur wetland from March 2010 to February 2013. Soil Sampling was conducted in five different vegetation habitats in the study area by applying standard sampling protocols. A total of 9 Physical and 16 chemical parameters were selected for analysis. The overall means of physical parameters of soil sample includes soil moisture content 11.17 ± 3.03 %, bulk density 1.19 ± 0.01 gm/ml, porosity 35.00 ± 5.10 %, water holding capacity 35.00 ± 3.86 %, soil organic carbon 0.09 ± 0.05 %, electrical conductivity 276.42 ± 112.83 ds/m, pH value 9.98 ± 0.42 was recorded. The means of chemical parameters of soil sample includes total Kjeldahl nitrogen 286.76 ± 42.41 mg/kg, available phosphorus 338.50 ± 32.75 mg/kg, potassium 2.85 ± 0.39 mg/kg, calcium level 10.86 ± 6 73 mg/kg, magnesium 10.56 ± 4.43 mg/kg, iron 14.90 ± 1.99 mg/kg, manganese 289.13 ± 42.89 mg/kg, zinc 4.20 ± 0.45 mg/kg, chloride 223.73 ± 62.64 mg/kg, sulphate 150.21 ± 27.99 mg/kg and silica oxide 7.97 ± 1.45 mg/kg. Boron, Copper and Molybdenum nutrients recorded less than one mg/kg in the soil sample. The viable count of bacteria recorded an overall mean of 16,56,000.00 ± 11,06,157.31 cfu/g. The results indicated that the essential mineral nutrients are widely distributed in the soil and are pollution free and also no any organic waste is coming to the site. Soil is good enough to support rich biodiversity to form a complete food web in the Surajpur wetland ecosystem.
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Keywords
Habitats, Soil, Surajpur wetland, Vegetation
References
APHA (2001). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
APHA (2006). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22nd ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Baddesha, H.S., Chhabra, R. and Ghuman, B.S. (1997). Changes in soil chemical properties and plant nutrient content under eucalyptus irrigated with sewage water. Journal of Ind. Soc. of Soil Science, 45(2): 358-362
Bahuguna, Y.M., Gairola, S., Semwal, D.P., Uniyal, P.L. and Bhatt, A.B. (2012). Soil physico-chemical characteris-tics of bryophytic vegetation residing Kedarnath Wild-life Sanctuary (KWLS), Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarak-hand, India. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(4): 2547-2553
Balling, R.C, Klopatek, J.M., Hildebrandt, M.L., Moritz, C. and Watts, C.J. (1998). Impacts of land degradation on historical temperature records from the Sonoran desert. Climatic Change, 40: 669–681
Bhattacharyya, T., Pal, D.K., Mandal, C., Chandran, P., Ray, S.K., Sarkar, D., Velmourougane, K., Srivastava, A., Sidhu, G.S., Singh, R.S., Sahoo, A.K., Dutta, D., Nair, K.M., Srivastava, R., Tiwary, P., Nagar, A.P. and Nim-khedkar, S.S. (2013). Soils of India: historical perspec-tive, classification and recent advances. Current Sci-ence, 104(10): 1308-1323
Bura, P., Ansari, N.A. and Nawab, A. (2013). Ecological Assessment, Conservation and Management of Surajpur Wetland, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. In: P. Kumar, P. Singh, R.J. Srivastava (Ed.) Proceeding of International Conference on Water and Biodiversity, Uttar Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, pp: 95-103
Castelle, A.J., Johnson, A.W. and Conolly, C. (1994). Wet-land and stream buffer size requirements: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality, 23(5): 878-882
Chaudhari, P.R., Ahire, D.V., Ahire, V.D., Chkravarty, M. and Maity, S. (2013). Soil Bulk Density as related to Soil Texture, Organic Matter Content and available total Nutrients of Coimbatore Soil. Int. J. of Scientific and Res. Pub., 3(2): 1-8
Correlli, D.L. (1998). The role of phosphorus in the eutrophi-cation of receiving waters: A Review. J. Environ. Qual., 27: 261-266
Doran, J.W. and Parkin, T.B. (1994). Defining and assessing soil quality. In: J.W. Doran et al. (eds.) Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, Special Publication 35, pp. 3-22
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Fauzie, A.K., Khudsar, F.A. and Sreenivasa. (2015). Analy-sis of soil physico-chemical properties in various sites at yamuna biodiversity park, Delhi, India. Int. J. of Inno-vative Res. in Science, Eng. and Tech., 4(8): 7220-7228
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Gairola, S., Sharma, C.M., Ghildiyal, S.K. and Suyal, S. (2012). Chemical properties of soils in relation to forest composition in moist temperate valley slopes of Garhwal Himalaya, India. Environmentalist, 32(4): 512-523
Gowd, S.S., Reddy, M.R. and Govila, P.K. (2010). Assess-ment of heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174: 113–121
Gupta, P.K. (2004). Methods in environmental analysis-water, Soil and Air. Agrobios, Jodhpur, India.
Hattori, T., Inanaga, S., Araki, H., Morita, AnP., Luxova, M. and Alexander M. (2005). Application of Silicon en-hanced drought tolerance in Sorghum bicolor. Physiolo-gia Plantarum, 123(4): 459-466
ISO (2001). Soil quality- Dissolution for the determination of total element content- Part 1: Dissolution with hydro-fluoric and perchloric acids, International Standard Or-ganization 14869-1:2 001. 1-5p.
Joshi, B.C. (2009). District Brochure of Gautam Budh Na-gar, Uttar Pradesh, India. 22 p.
Karthick, B. and Ramachandran, T.V. (2006). Water quality status of sharavathi river basin, Western Ghats, ENVIS Technical Report: 23, Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
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Lungmuana, and Colney, L. (2011). Soil testing - an im-portant tool for assessing soil health and quality. Sci-ence Vision, 11(4): 214-217
Mahajan, S. and Billore, D. (2014). Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of the soil of Nagchoon Pond Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Res. J. Chem. Sci., 4(1): 26-30
Manral, U., Raha, A., Solanki, R., Hussain, S.A., Babu, M.M., Mohan, D., Veeraswami, G.G., Sivakumar, K. and Talukdar, G. (2013). Plant species of Okhla Bird Sanctuary: A wetland of Upper Gangetic Plains, India. Check List, 9(2): 263–274
Mendhe, K. (1997). Studies of hydro chemical characters and phytoplankton population of Bilawali Talab Indore, Ph.D. Thesis D.A.V.V. Indore, Madhya Pradesh.
Mishra, B.P. (2011). Vegetation composition and soil nutrients status from polyculture to monoculture. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(5): 363-366
Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G. (1989). Wetlands, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York: 14-18
Morisada, K., Ono, K. and Kanomata, H. (2004). Organic carbon stock in forest soils in Japan. Geoderma, 119: 21–32
Mukhtar, A., Kamran, A., Muhammad, A., Ummara, Q., Zammurad, I.A. and Goyal, A. (2013). Silicon priming: a potential source to impart abiotic stress tolerance in wheat: A review. Australian Journal of Conservation Science, 7(4): 484-491
Ogunmwonyi, I.N., Igbinosa, O.E., Aiyegoro, O.A., and Odjadjare, E.E. (2008). Microbial analysis of different top soil samples of selected site in Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Scientific Research and Essay, 3(3): 120-124
Patel, K.S., Chikhlekar, S., Ramteke, S., Sahu, B.L., Dahari-ya, N.S. and Sharma, R. (2015). Micronutrient Status in Soil of Central India. American Journal of Plant Scienc-es, 6: 3025-3037
Pilania, P.K. and Panchal, N.S. (2014). Soil and Plant Rela-tion at Little Rann of Kutch of Gujarat in Western India. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2(7): 1-10
Popelá?ová, E., Vo?íšek, K., Strnadová, S. (2008). Relations between activities and counts of soil microorganisms. Plant, Soil and Environment, 54(4): 163–170
Rai, S., Chopra, A.K., Pathak, C., Sharma, D.K., Sharma, R. and Gupta, P.M. (2011). Comparative study of some physicochemical parameters of soil irrigated with sew-age water and canal water of Dehradun city, India. Ar-chives of Applied Science Research, Scholars Research Library, 3(2): 318-325
Raina, A.K. and Gupta, M.K. (2009). Soil and vegetation studies in relation to parent material of Garhwal Hima-layas, Uttarakhand (India). Annals of Forestry, 17(1): 71-82
Ramachandra, T.V. (2001). Restoration and management strategies of wetlands in developing countries. Electron-ic Green Journal, 15: 1-16
Ray, S.K., Bhattacharyya, T., Reddy, K.R., Pal, D.K., Chan-dran, P., Tiwary, P., Mandal, D.K. et. al. (2014). Soil and land quality indicators of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Current Science, 107(9): 1470-1486
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Shrivastava, A. (1996). Studies on the macrophytic vegeta-tion of Pipalyapala talab, Indore, Ph.D. Thesis, D.A.V.V. Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Singh, D., Chhonkar, P.K. and Pandey, R.N. (1999). Soil, plant & water analysis - A method manual. Indian Agri-cultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
Singh, S.P., Ram, J., Walia, C.S., Sachdev, C.B., Dhankar, R.P., Rana, K.P.C., Sehgal, J., Velayutham, M. and Gajbhiye, K.S. (2004). Soils of Uttar Pradesh: their kinds, distribution, characterization and interpretation for optimising Land Use. National Bureau of Soil Sur-vey and Land Use Planning in collaboration with De-partment of Agriculture, Government of Uttar Pradesh 112p.
Srivastava, A. and Yadav, S. (2014). Edaphological Study of Bundelkhand (India). Int. J. of Bio. Pharmacy and Al-lied Sciences, 3(10): 2223-2228
Subbarao, G.V., Ito, O., Berry, W.L. and Wheeler, R.M. (2003). Sodium- A Functional Plant Nutrient. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22(5): 391–416.
Swaminathan, M.S. (2005). International conference on Soil, Water and Environmental Quality-Issues and Strategies, New Delhi, India, Jan 29- Feb 01, 2005, organized by-Indian Society of Soil Science.
Tisdale, S.L., Nelson, W.L. and Beaton, J.D. (1985). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. Macmillan Publishing Compa-ny, New York (USA).
Tiwari, D.D., Katiyar, N.K. and Pandey, S.B. (2014). Ap-praisal of available sulphur and micronutrient status in southwest plain zone soils of Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Crop Res., 48 (1,2&3): 80-83
USEPA, (1996). Soil screening guidance: technical back-ground document. United States Environmental Protec-tion Agency Report 540/R-95/128. US Gov. Print Of-fice, Washington DC.
Wang, H., Appan, A., John, S. and Gulliver. (2003). Model-ling phosphorous dynamics in aquatic sediments, 1-model development. Water Research, 37: 3928-3938.
Whitney, M. and Means, T.H. (1897). An electrical method of determining the soluble salt content of soils. USDA, Division Soils Bull no. 8. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Wash-ington. DC.
Yadav, A. and Shukla, D.N. (2015). Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in wastewater flooded soil of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Res Rev., 2(6): 324-329
Yadav, A., Yadav, P.K. and Shukla, D.N. (2013). Investiga-tion of heavy metal status in soil and vegetables grown in urban area of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Inter-national Journal of Scientific and Research Publica-tions, 3(9): 1-7
APHA (2006). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22nd ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Baddesha, H.S., Chhabra, R. and Ghuman, B.S. (1997). Changes in soil chemical properties and plant nutrient content under eucalyptus irrigated with sewage water. Journal of Ind. Soc. of Soil Science, 45(2): 358-362
Bahuguna, Y.M., Gairola, S., Semwal, D.P., Uniyal, P.L. and Bhatt, A.B. (2012). Soil physico-chemical characteris-tics of bryophytic vegetation residing Kedarnath Wild-life Sanctuary (KWLS), Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarak-hand, India. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(4): 2547-2553
Balling, R.C, Klopatek, J.M., Hildebrandt, M.L., Moritz, C. and Watts, C.J. (1998). Impacts of land degradation on historical temperature records from the Sonoran desert. Climatic Change, 40: 669–681
Bhattacharyya, T., Pal, D.K., Mandal, C., Chandran, P., Ray, S.K., Sarkar, D., Velmourougane, K., Srivastava, A., Sidhu, G.S., Singh, R.S., Sahoo, A.K., Dutta, D., Nair, K.M., Srivastava, R., Tiwary, P., Nagar, A.P. and Nim-khedkar, S.S. (2013). Soils of India: historical perspec-tive, classification and recent advances. Current Sci-ence, 104(10): 1308-1323
Bura, P., Ansari, N.A. and Nawab, A. (2013). Ecological Assessment, Conservation and Management of Surajpur Wetland, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. In: P. Kumar, P. Singh, R.J. Srivastava (Ed.) Proceeding of International Conference on Water and Biodiversity, Uttar Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, pp: 95-103
Castelle, A.J., Johnson, A.W. and Conolly, C. (1994). Wet-land and stream buffer size requirements: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality, 23(5): 878-882
Chaudhari, P.R., Ahire, D.V., Ahire, V.D., Chkravarty, M. and Maity, S. (2013). Soil Bulk Density as related to Soil Texture, Organic Matter Content and available total Nutrients of Coimbatore Soil. Int. J. of Scientific and Res. Pub., 3(2): 1-8
Correlli, D.L. (1998). The role of phosphorus in the eutrophi-cation of receiving waters: A Review. J. Environ. Qual., 27: 261-266
Doran, J.W. and Parkin, T.B. (1994). Defining and assessing soil quality. In: J.W. Doran et al. (eds.) Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, Special Publication 35, pp. 3-22
Epstein, E. (1971). Mineral nutrition of plants. Principles and Perspectives. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, London, Sydney, Toronto.
Fauzie, A.K., Khudsar, F.A. and Sreenivasa. (2015). Analy-sis of soil physico-chemical properties in various sites at yamuna biodiversity park, Delhi, India. Int. J. of Inno-vative Res. in Science, Eng. and Tech., 4(8): 7220-7228
Fenn, M.E., Poth, M.A., Aber, J.D., Boron, J.S., Bormann, B.J., Johnson, D.W., Lenly, A.D., McNulty, S.G., Ryan, D.F., Stottlemeyer, R. (1998). Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: predisposing factors, ecosystem responses and management strategies. Ecol. Appl., 8(3): 706–733
Gairola, S., Sharma, C.M., Ghildiyal, S.K. and Suyal, S. (2012). Chemical properties of soils in relation to forest composition in moist temperate valley slopes of Garhwal Himalaya, India. Environmentalist, 32(4): 512-523
Gowd, S.S., Reddy, M.R. and Govila, P.K. (2010). Assess-ment of heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174: 113–121
Gupta, P.K. (2004). Methods in environmental analysis-water, Soil and Air. Agrobios, Jodhpur, India.
Hattori, T., Inanaga, S., Araki, H., Morita, AnP., Luxova, M. and Alexander M. (2005). Application of Silicon en-hanced drought tolerance in Sorghum bicolor. Physiolo-gia Plantarum, 123(4): 459-466
ISO (2001). Soil quality- Dissolution for the determination of total element content- Part 1: Dissolution with hydro-fluoric and perchloric acids, International Standard Or-ganization 14869-1:2 001. 1-5p.
Joshi, B.C. (2009). District Brochure of Gautam Budh Na-gar, Uttar Pradesh, India. 22 p.
Karthick, B. and Ramachandran, T.V. (2006). Water quality status of sharavathi river basin, Western Ghats, ENVIS Technical Report: 23, Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
Kissel, D.E. and Sonon, L. (Eds.). (2008). Soil test handbook for Georgia. Special Bulletin. Georgia Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. The University of Georgia Athens, Georgia. 99p.
Lungmuana, and Colney, L. (2011). Soil testing - an im-portant tool for assessing soil health and quality. Sci-ence Vision, 11(4): 214-217
Mahajan, S. and Billore, D. (2014). Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of the soil of Nagchoon Pond Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Res. J. Chem. Sci., 4(1): 26-30
Manral, U., Raha, A., Solanki, R., Hussain, S.A., Babu, M.M., Mohan, D., Veeraswami, G.G., Sivakumar, K. and Talukdar, G. (2013). Plant species of Okhla Bird Sanctuary: A wetland of Upper Gangetic Plains, India. Check List, 9(2): 263–274
Mendhe, K. (1997). Studies of hydro chemical characters and phytoplankton population of Bilawali Talab Indore, Ph.D. Thesis D.A.V.V. Indore, Madhya Pradesh.
Mishra, B.P. (2011). Vegetation composition and soil nutrients status from polyculture to monoculture. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(5): 363-366
Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G. (1989). Wetlands, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York: 14-18
Morisada, K., Ono, K. and Kanomata, H. (2004). Organic carbon stock in forest soils in Japan. Geoderma, 119: 21–32
Mukhtar, A., Kamran, A., Muhammad, A., Ummara, Q., Zammurad, I.A. and Goyal, A. (2013). Silicon priming: a potential source to impart abiotic stress tolerance in wheat: A review. Australian Journal of Conservation Science, 7(4): 484-491
Ogunmwonyi, I.N., Igbinosa, O.E., Aiyegoro, O.A., and Odjadjare, E.E. (2008). Microbial analysis of different top soil samples of selected site in Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Scientific Research and Essay, 3(3): 120-124
Patel, K.S., Chikhlekar, S., Ramteke, S., Sahu, B.L., Dahari-ya, N.S. and Sharma, R. (2015). Micronutrient Status in Soil of Central India. American Journal of Plant Scienc-es, 6: 3025-3037
Pilania, P.K. and Panchal, N.S. (2014). Soil and Plant Rela-tion at Little Rann of Kutch of Gujarat in Western India. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2(7): 1-10
Popelá?ová, E., Vo?íšek, K., Strnadová, S. (2008). Relations between activities and counts of soil microorganisms. Plant, Soil and Environment, 54(4): 163–170
Rai, S., Chopra, A.K., Pathak, C., Sharma, D.K., Sharma, R. and Gupta, P.M. (2011). Comparative study of some physicochemical parameters of soil irrigated with sew-age water and canal water of Dehradun city, India. Ar-chives of Applied Science Research, Scholars Research Library, 3(2): 318-325
Raina, A.K. and Gupta, M.K. (2009). Soil and vegetation studies in relation to parent material of Garhwal Hima-layas, Uttarakhand (India). Annals of Forestry, 17(1): 71-82
Ramachandra, T.V. (2001). Restoration and management strategies of wetlands in developing countries. Electron-ic Green Journal, 15: 1-16
Ray, S.K., Bhattacharyya, T., Reddy, K.R., Pal, D.K., Chan-dran, P., Tiwary, P., Mandal, D.K. et. al. (2014). Soil and land quality indicators of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Current Science, 107(9): 1470-1486
Rodgers, W.A., Panwar, H.S. and Mathur, V.B. (2002). Wildlife Protected Area Network in India: A Review (Executive Summary). Wildlife Institute of India, Deh-radun. 44 p.
Rudnick, R.L. and Gao, S. (2003). The Composition of the Continental Crust. In: Holland, H.D. and Turekian, K.K., Eds., Treatise on Geochemistry, Vol. 3, The Crust, Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, 1-64.
Shrivastava, A. (1996). Studies on the macrophytic vegeta-tion of Pipalyapala talab, Indore, Ph.D. Thesis, D.A.V.V. Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Singh, D., Chhonkar, P.K. and Pandey, R.N. (1999). Soil, plant & water analysis - A method manual. Indian Agri-cultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
Singh, S.P., Ram, J., Walia, C.S., Sachdev, C.B., Dhankar, R.P., Rana, K.P.C., Sehgal, J., Velayutham, M. and Gajbhiye, K.S. (2004). Soils of Uttar Pradesh: their kinds, distribution, characterization and interpretation for optimising Land Use. National Bureau of Soil Sur-vey and Land Use Planning in collaboration with De-partment of Agriculture, Government of Uttar Pradesh 112p.
Srivastava, A. and Yadav, S. (2014). Edaphological Study of Bundelkhand (India). Int. J. of Bio. Pharmacy and Al-lied Sciences, 3(10): 2223-2228
Subbarao, G.V., Ito, O., Berry, W.L. and Wheeler, R.M. (2003). Sodium- A Functional Plant Nutrient. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22(5): 391–416.
Swaminathan, M.S. (2005). International conference on Soil, Water and Environmental Quality-Issues and Strategies, New Delhi, India, Jan 29- Feb 01, 2005, organized by-Indian Society of Soil Science.
Tisdale, S.L., Nelson, W.L. and Beaton, J.D. (1985). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. Macmillan Publishing Compa-ny, New York (USA).
Tiwari, D.D., Katiyar, N.K. and Pandey, S.B. (2014). Ap-praisal of available sulphur and micronutrient status in southwest plain zone soils of Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Crop Res., 48 (1,2&3): 80-83
USEPA, (1996). Soil screening guidance: technical back-ground document. United States Environmental Protec-tion Agency Report 540/R-95/128. US Gov. Print Of-fice, Washington DC.
Wang, H., Appan, A., John, S. and Gulliver. (2003). Model-ling phosphorous dynamics in aquatic sediments, 1-model development. Water Research, 37: 3928-3938.
Whitney, M. and Means, T.H. (1897). An electrical method of determining the soluble salt content of soils. USDA, Division Soils Bull no. 8. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Wash-ington. DC.
Yadav, A. and Shukla, D.N. (2015). Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in wastewater flooded soil of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Res Rev., 2(6): 324-329
Yadav, A., Yadav, P.K. and Shukla, D.N. (2013). Investiga-tion of heavy metal status in soil and vegetables grown in urban area of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Inter-national Journal of Scientific and Research Publica-tions, 3(9): 1-7
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Soil quality assessment in difference vegetation structures of Surajpur lake: An urban wetland of Upper Gangetic plain, Northern India. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(4), 2283-2291. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1126
