Development and integration of soil moisture sensor with drip system for precise irrigation scheduling through mobile phone
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Abstract
Soil moisture sensor is an instrument for quick measurements of soil moisture content in the crop root zone on real time basis. The main objective of this research was development and evaluation of an indigenous sensor for precise irrigation scheduling. The various parts of sensor developed were ceramic cup, acrylic pipe, level sensor, tee, reducer, gland, cork, and end cap. The designed system was successfully tested on okra crop and calibrated with frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) by three methods of irrigation, i.e. check basin, furrow and drip, respectively. The average depth of water depletion in modified tensiometer by these methods was 27 to 35 cm at 50% management allowable depletion (MAD) of field capacity. This depth was useful for the level sensor to be installed inside modified tensiometer for real time irrigation scheduling. The correlation coefficient (R2) between soil moisture content obtained from the developed sensor and FDR was 0.963. Sensor network was integrated with global system for mobile communication (GSM), short message service (SMS) and drip head work to develop an automated irrigation system. This would enable farmers to effectively monitor and control water application in the field by sending command through SMS and receiving pumping status through the mobile phone.
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Keywords
GSM, Irrigation, Mobile phone, Soil moisture sensor, SMS
References
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AL-Smadi, T.A. (2011). Low cost smart sensor design. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(1): 162-168
Car, N.J., Moore, G., Christen, E.W., Hornbuckle, J.W. and Bartlett, C. (2007). Tool for improving water use effi-ciency: irrigation informatics implemented via SMS. International Congress on Modeling and Simulation, and Modeling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand. Pp 135-141, University of Melbourne, Victoria. ISBN: 978-0-9758400-4-7
Car, N.J., Christen, E.W., Hornbuckle, J.W. and Moore, G.A. (2012). Using a mobile phone short messaging service (SMS) for irrigation scheduling in Australia – farmers’ participation and utility evaluation. Computer and Elec-tronics in Agriculture, 84: 132-143
Cardenas-Lailhacar, B. and Dukes, M.D. (2010). Precision of soil moisture sensor irrigation controllers under field con-ditions. Agricultural Water Management, 97: 666-672
Casadesus, J., Mata, M., Marsal, J. and Girona, J. (2012). A general algorithm for automated scheduling of drip irrigation in tree crops. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 83: 11-20
Dowgert, M.F. (2010). The impact of irrigated agriculture on a stable food supply. In: Proceedings of the 22nd An-nual Central Plains Irrigation Conference, Kearney, NE.
Dukes, D.M. (2003). Automatic soil moisture-based drip irriga-tion for improving tomato production. Proceedings of The Florida State Horticultural Society, 116: 80-85
Dukes, D.M. and Scholberg, J.M. (2005). Soil moisture controlled subsurface drip irrigation on sandy soils. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 21(1): 89-101
Dursun, M. and Semih, O. (2011). A wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture sensors. Scientific Research and Essays, 6: 1573-1582
Goodwin, I. and O’Connell, M.G. (2008). The future of irri-gated production horticulture- world and Australian perspective. Acta Horitculturae, 792: 449-458
Hanson, B.R., Orloff, S. and Peters, D. (2000). Monitoring soil moisture helps refine irrigation management. Cali-fornia Agriculture, 54: 38-42
Joshi, A., Tiwari, K.N. and Banerjee, S. (1999). Automated irrigation controller patent application no. 6/Cal/99 dated 04-1-1999, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
Leib, B.G., Hattendorf, M., Elliott, T. and Mattews, G. (2002). Adoption and adaptation of scientific irrigation scheduling: Trend from Washington, USA as of 1998. Agricultural water management, 55, pp 105-120
Leib, B.G., Matthews, J.D. and Gary, R. (2003). Field evaluation and performance comparison of soil moisture sensors. Journal of Soil Science. 168: 396-408
Luthra, S.K., Kaledhonkar, M.J., Singh O.P. and Tyagi, N.K. (1997). Design and development of an auto-irrigation system. Agricultural Water Management, 33: 169-181
Majone, B., Viani, F., Filippi, E., Bellin, A., Massa, A., Tol-ler, G., Robol, F. and Salucci, M. (2013). Wireless sen-sor network deployement for monitoring soil moisture dynamics at the field scale. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 19 : 426-435
Marazky, M.S.A.E., Mohammad, F.D. and Al-Ghobari, H.M. (2011). Evaluation of soil moisture sensors under intel-ligent irrigation systems for economical in arid regions. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sci-ences, 6(2): 287-300
McCready, M.S., Dukes, M.D., and Miller, G.L. (2009). Water conservation potential of intelligent irrigation controllers on St. Augustinegrass. Agricultural water management, 96, pp 1623-1632
Meron, M., Hallel, R., Bravdo, R. and Wallach, R. (2001). Tensiometer actuated automatic micro irrigation of apples. Acta Horitculturae. 562: 63-69
Munoz-Carpena, R., Bryan, H., Klassen, W., Dispenza, T.T. and Dukes, M.D. (2003). Evaluation of an automatic soil moisture-based drip irrigation system for row toma-toes. Proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30. Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Munoz-Carpena, R., Dukes, M.D., Yuncong. C.Li. and Klas-sen, W. (2005). Field comparision of tensiometer and granular matrix sensor automatic drip irrigation on to-mato. HortTechnology, 15: 584-590
Perea, H., Enciso, J., Jifon, J., Nelson, S. and Fernandez, C. (2013). On farm performance of tensiometer and granu-lar matrix soil moisture sensors in irrigated light, me-dium, and heavy textured soils. Subtropical Plant Sci-ence, 65:1-7
Pinmanee, S., Spreer, W., Spohrer, K., Ongprasert, S. and Muller, J. (2011). Development of a low-cost Ten-siometer driven irrigation control unit and evaluation of its suitability for irrigation of lychee trees in the uplands of Northern Thailand in a participatory approach. Journal of Horticulture and Foresty, 3: 226-230
Smajstrla, A.G. and Locascio, S.J. (1996). Tensiometercontrolled, drip irrigation scheduling of tomato. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 12(3): 315-319
Sudha, M.N., Valarmathi, M.L. and Babu, A.S. (2011). Energy efficient data transmission in automatic irrigation system using wireless sensor networks. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 78: 215-221
Thompson, R.B., Gallardo, M., Aguera, T. and Valdez, M.D. (2006). Evaluation of the watermark sensor for use with drip irrigated vegetable crops. Irrigation Science, 24: 185–202 Vellidis, G., Tucker, M., Perry, C., Kvein, C. and Bednarz, C. (2008). A real-time wireless smart sensor array for scheduling irrigation. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 61(1): 44-50
Warrick, A. W. (2003). Soil water dynamics. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 416 p.
Xiao, D., Feng, J., Wang, N., Luo, X. and Hu, Y. (2013). Integrated soil moisture and water depth sensor for paddy fields. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 98: 214-221
Zotarelli, L., Scholberg, J.M., Dukes, M.D., Munoz-Carpena, R. and Icerman, J. (2009). Tomato yield, biomass accumulation, root distribution and irrigation water use efficiency on a sandy soil, as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation scheduling. Agricultural Water Management, 96: 23-34
AL-Smadi, T.A. (2011). Low cost smart sensor design. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(1): 162-168
Car, N.J., Moore, G., Christen, E.W., Hornbuckle, J.W. and Bartlett, C. (2007). Tool for improving water use effi-ciency: irrigation informatics implemented via SMS. International Congress on Modeling and Simulation, and Modeling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand. Pp 135-141, University of Melbourne, Victoria. ISBN: 978-0-9758400-4-7
Car, N.J., Christen, E.W., Hornbuckle, J.W. and Moore, G.A. (2012). Using a mobile phone short messaging service (SMS) for irrigation scheduling in Australia – farmers’ participation and utility evaluation. Computer and Elec-tronics in Agriculture, 84: 132-143
Cardenas-Lailhacar, B. and Dukes, M.D. (2010). Precision of soil moisture sensor irrigation controllers under field con-ditions. Agricultural Water Management, 97: 666-672
Casadesus, J., Mata, M., Marsal, J. and Girona, J. (2012). A general algorithm for automated scheduling of drip irrigation in tree crops. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 83: 11-20
Dowgert, M.F. (2010). The impact of irrigated agriculture on a stable food supply. In: Proceedings of the 22nd An-nual Central Plains Irrigation Conference, Kearney, NE.
Dukes, D.M. (2003). Automatic soil moisture-based drip irriga-tion for improving tomato production. Proceedings of The Florida State Horticultural Society, 116: 80-85
Dukes, D.M. and Scholberg, J.M. (2005). Soil moisture controlled subsurface drip irrigation on sandy soils. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 21(1): 89-101
Dursun, M. and Semih, O. (2011). A wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture sensors. Scientific Research and Essays, 6: 1573-1582
Goodwin, I. and O’Connell, M.G. (2008). The future of irri-gated production horticulture- world and Australian perspective. Acta Horitculturae, 792: 449-458
Hanson, B.R., Orloff, S. and Peters, D. (2000). Monitoring soil moisture helps refine irrigation management. Cali-fornia Agriculture, 54: 38-42
Joshi, A., Tiwari, K.N. and Banerjee, S. (1999). Automated irrigation controller patent application no. 6/Cal/99 dated 04-1-1999, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
Leib, B.G., Hattendorf, M., Elliott, T. and Mattews, G. (2002). Adoption and adaptation of scientific irrigation scheduling: Trend from Washington, USA as of 1998. Agricultural water management, 55, pp 105-120
Leib, B.G., Matthews, J.D. and Gary, R. (2003). Field evaluation and performance comparison of soil moisture sensors. Journal of Soil Science. 168: 396-408
Luthra, S.K., Kaledhonkar, M.J., Singh O.P. and Tyagi, N.K. (1997). Design and development of an auto-irrigation system. Agricultural Water Management, 33: 169-181
Majone, B., Viani, F., Filippi, E., Bellin, A., Massa, A., Tol-ler, G., Robol, F. and Salucci, M. (2013). Wireless sen-sor network deployement for monitoring soil moisture dynamics at the field scale. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 19 : 426-435
Marazky, M.S.A.E., Mohammad, F.D. and Al-Ghobari, H.M. (2011). Evaluation of soil moisture sensors under intel-ligent irrigation systems for economical in arid regions. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sci-ences, 6(2): 287-300
McCready, M.S., Dukes, M.D., and Miller, G.L. (2009). Water conservation potential of intelligent irrigation controllers on St. Augustinegrass. Agricultural water management, 96, pp 1623-1632
Meron, M., Hallel, R., Bravdo, R. and Wallach, R. (2001). Tensiometer actuated automatic micro irrigation of apples. Acta Horitculturae. 562: 63-69
Munoz-Carpena, R., Bryan, H., Klassen, W., Dispenza, T.T. and Dukes, M.D. (2003). Evaluation of an automatic soil moisture-based drip irrigation system for row toma-toes. Proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30. Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Munoz-Carpena, R., Dukes, M.D., Yuncong. C.Li. and Klas-sen, W. (2005). Field comparision of tensiometer and granular matrix sensor automatic drip irrigation on to-mato. HortTechnology, 15: 584-590
Perea, H., Enciso, J., Jifon, J., Nelson, S. and Fernandez, C. (2013). On farm performance of tensiometer and granu-lar matrix soil moisture sensors in irrigated light, me-dium, and heavy textured soils. Subtropical Plant Sci-ence, 65:1-7
Pinmanee, S., Spreer, W., Spohrer, K., Ongprasert, S. and Muller, J. (2011). Development of a low-cost Ten-siometer driven irrigation control unit and evaluation of its suitability for irrigation of lychee trees in the uplands of Northern Thailand in a participatory approach. Journal of Horticulture and Foresty, 3: 226-230
Smajstrla, A.G. and Locascio, S.J. (1996). Tensiometercontrolled, drip irrigation scheduling of tomato. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 12(3): 315-319
Sudha, M.N., Valarmathi, M.L. and Babu, A.S. (2011). Energy efficient data transmission in automatic irrigation system using wireless sensor networks. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 78: 215-221
Thompson, R.B., Gallardo, M., Aguera, T. and Valdez, M.D. (2006). Evaluation of the watermark sensor for use with drip irrigated vegetable crops. Irrigation Science, 24: 185–202 Vellidis, G., Tucker, M., Perry, C., Kvein, C. and Bednarz, C. (2008). A real-time wireless smart sensor array for scheduling irrigation. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 61(1): 44-50
Warrick, A. W. (2003). Soil water dynamics. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 416 p.
Xiao, D., Feng, J., Wang, N., Luo, X. and Hu, Y. (2013). Integrated soil moisture and water depth sensor for paddy fields. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 98: 214-221
Zotarelli, L., Scholberg, J.M., Dukes, M.D., Munoz-Carpena, R. and Icerman, J. (2009). Tomato yield, biomass accumulation, root distribution and irrigation water use efficiency on a sandy soil, as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation scheduling. Agricultural Water Management, 96: 23-34
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How to Cite
Development and integration of soil moisture sensor with drip system for precise irrigation scheduling through mobile phone. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(4), 1959-1965. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1070
