Intercropping in cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L.var. capitata f.) for growth, yield, quality and sustainable soil health under foothills of Eastern himalayan region
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Abstract
The present study was done for intercropping in cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L.var.capitata f.) for growth, yield, quality and sustainable soil health under foothills of Eastern Himalayan region. The pooled results revealed that head yield, ascorbic acid content and nutrient uptake from soil varied according to treatments combination. Sole cropping of cabbage recorded maximum values for most of the growth characters like plant height (1.30 cm), shoot weight (59.47 g), root weight (46.36 g), shoot to root ratio (1.30), root length (17.97 cm) and root volume (37.24 cc) and yield (37.11 t ha-1). But as per cabbage equivalent yield (44.39 t ha-1),economics (B:C ratio 2.96) and production efficiency (591.80 kg-1ha-1day) are concerned cabbage and garden pea intercropping system recorded significantly highest values than all other treatments. cabbage and garden pea intercropping system also recorded maximum ascorbic content(38.61mg-1 100g).Highest residual N (174.12 kg ha-1) content was obtained in sole garden pea plots whereas maximum values for available P2O5 (30.31 kg ha-1) and K2O (171.83 kg ha-1) were recorded in sole coriander plots. Cabbage and beet root intercropping system recorded minimum values for most of the growth characters like shoot weight (35.88 g), root weight (26.80 g),root length(10.83 cm), shoot and root volume (23.54 cc),cabbage equivalent yield (32.10 t ha-1) ascorbic content(29.94 mg-1 100g). Inclusion of garden pea in cabbage inter rows may be adopted by cabbage growers of foothills of eastern Himalayan region of West Bengal for additional income and soil enrichment.
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Keywords
Cabbage, Growth, Intercropping, Soil health, Yield
References
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Addo-Quaye, A. A., Darkwa, A.A. and Ocloo. G. K. (2011). Growth analysis of component crops in a maize-soybean intercropping system as affected by time of planting and spatial arrangement. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6(6): 34-44
Adhikary, S., Pandit, M.K., Koundinya, A. V. V., Bairagi, S. and Das, A.(2015). Examination of system productivity and profitability of baby corn based vegetable intercrop-ping systems. Journal Crop and Weed, 11(1):220-224
Adu-Gyamfi, J . J., Myaka, F.A., Sakala, W.D., Odgaard, R., Vesterager, J.M. and Høgh-Jensen, H.(2007). Bio-logical nitrogen fixation and nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in farmer-managed intercrops of maize-pigeonpea in semi-arid southern and Eastern Africa. Plant and Soil, 295(1-2): 127-136
Anjum, M. A., Qasim, S.A., Ahmad,S. and Hussain, S. (2015). Assessment of advantages of pea and non-legume winter vegetable intercropping systems through competition and economic indices. Experimental Agriculture, 51 (03): 327-343
Awal, M.A., Pramanik, M.H.R.and Hossen M.A.(2007). Interspecies competition, growth and yield in barley-peanut intercropping. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 6: 577-584
Eskandari, H., Ghanbari, A. and Javanmard, A. (2009). Inter-cropping of cereals and legumes for forage production. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 1:9-13
Gao, Y. and Wu, P. (2014). Growth, yield, and nitrogen use in the wheat/maize intercropping system in an arid region of northwestern China. Field Crops Research, 167: 19-30
Gebru, H.(2015). A Review on the comparative advantages of intercropping to mono-cropping system. Journal of Biol-ogy, Agriculture and Healthcare, 5 (9):1-13
Ghosh. P.K., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Wanjari, R.H., Manna, M.C., Misra, A.K., Mohanty, M. and Subba Rao, A. (2007).Legume effect for enhancing productivity and nutrient use-efficiency in major cropping systems– an indian perspective: A Review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 30(1) :59-86
Giri, S .( 2002). Intercropping in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata.). M.Sc. Thesis. BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Guvenc ,I. and Yildirim,E. (2006). Increasing productivity with intercropping systems in cabbage production. J ournal of Sustainable Agriculture, 28(4): 29-44
Hadidi, N., Sharaiha , R. and Debei, H.A. (2011). Effect of intercropping on the performance of some summer vegetable crops grown under different row arrange-ments. Lucrari Stiin?ifice, 54:11-17
Hall, R.L. (1974). Analysis of the nature of interference be-tween plants of different species. 1. Concept and extension of the dewit analysis to examine effects. Australian Jour-nal of Agricultural Research, 25 : 739-747
Hugar, H. Y. and Palled, Y. B. (2008). Effect of intercropped vegetables on maize and associated weeds in maize-vegetable intercropping systems. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 21:159-161
Hussain, S.A. 2003. Growth, yield and economic impacts of intercropping in vegetables. Ph.D thesis, NWFP Agri-cultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan pp. 165
Jackson, M. L. (1967). Soil Chemical Analysis , prentice, hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi,India, pp: 497-503
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Jiulan, Gou., Ruifeng, S., Jiafang, H.E., Song, Q., Houjun, X., Ruirong, Z. and Ling, Y. (2011). Effect of different crop-ping patterns and nitrogenous fertilizer forms on potato yield and quality. Chinese Potato Journal, 1:36-41
John, S.A. and Mini.C. (2005). Biological efficiency of inter-cropping in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 43 (1-2): 33-36
Li, Long., Li, Shu-Min., Sun, Jian-Hao ., Zhou, Li-Li., Bao, Xing-Guo., Zhang, Hong-Gang. and Zhang, Fu-Suo.(2007). Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol., 104 : 11193
Lithourgidis, A.S., Dordas, C.A. and Damalas, D.N. V. (2011). Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(4): 396-410
Lyocks, S.W.J., Tanimu, J. and Dauji, L.Z.(2013). Growth and yield parameters of ginger as influenced by varying populations of maize intercrop. Journal of Agicul-tural and Crop Research, 1(2):24-29.
McGilchrist, C. A. (1965). Analysis of competition experi-ment. Biometrics, 21 : 975-985
Nasri, R., Kashani, A., Barary, M., Paknejad, F. and Vazan, S. (2014). Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and the productivity of wheat in double cropping system under different rates of nitrogen. International Journal of Bioscience, 4(4): 184-193
Nayek,T. (2001). Intercropping in cabbage (Brassica ol-eracea L. var. capitata.). M.Sc.Thesis. BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Panse, V. G. and Sukhatme P. V. (2000). Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR Publications, New Delhi, India.
Qasim, S.A., Anjum, M.A., Hussain, S. and Ahmad, S.(2013). Effect of pea intercropping on biological effi-ciencies and economics of some non-legume winter vegetables .Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 50(3):399-406
Ranganna, S. (1986). Analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products. 2nd edition. Tata.Mc Graw-Hill publishing company Ltd. New Delhi,India.
Rahman, M., Rahman, M. H. M., Haque, M. E. and Naber, K.S. (2006) Banana-based intercropping system in Northern part of Bangladesh. Journal of Agronomy, 5 (2): 228-231
Sharma, A., Sharma, J.J. Rana, M.C. and Sonia, D. (2006). Evaluation of Phaseolus vulgaris as intercrop with vegetables for enhancing productivity system and prof-itability under high hill dry temperate conditions of north-western Himalayas. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 76 (1): 29—32
Taha, E. M. and El-Mahdy, A.M. (2014). Land equivalent ratio as a reference for relative crowding coefficient and aggressivity of intercropped plant species. Middle East Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(3): 576-585
Thapa ,A. (2015). Effect of intercropping on garlic (Allium sativum L.). M.Sc.Thesis. UBKV, Pundibari, West Bengal, India.
Undie, U. L., Uwah, D.F. and Attoe, E. E. (2012). Effect of intercropping and crop arrangement on yield and pro-ductivity of late season maize/soybean mixtures in the humid environment of South Southern Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(4):37-50
Varghese, L. L. (2000). Indicators of production sustainability in intercropped vegetable farming in montmorillonite soils in Indian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 16:5-17
Willey, R. W. (1979). Intercropping- its importance and research need. Competition and yield advantages. Field crops abstracts, 32 (1):1-10
Willey, R.W. and Rao, M. R. (1980). A systematic design to examine effects of plant population and spatial arrange-ment in intercropping, illustrated by an experiment on chickpea/safflower. Experimental Agriculture, 17:63-73
Yildirim, E. and Guvenc, I. (2003). Intercropping based on cauliflower: more productive, profitable and highly sus-tainable. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 79(2):135-137
Yilmaz, S., Atak, M. and Erayman, M. (2008). Identification of advantages of maize-legume intercropping over soli-tary cropping through competition indices in the East Mediterranean Region. Turkey Journal of Agriculture, 32: 111-19.
Addo-Quaye, A. A., Darkwa, A.A. and Ocloo. G. K. (2011). Growth analysis of component crops in a maize-soybean intercropping system as affected by time of planting and spatial arrangement. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6(6): 34-44
Adhikary, S., Pandit, M.K., Koundinya, A. V. V., Bairagi, S. and Das, A.(2015). Examination of system productivity and profitability of baby corn based vegetable intercrop-ping systems. Journal Crop and Weed, 11(1):220-224
Adu-Gyamfi, J . J., Myaka, F.A., Sakala, W.D., Odgaard, R., Vesterager, J.M. and Høgh-Jensen, H.(2007). Bio-logical nitrogen fixation and nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in farmer-managed intercrops of maize-pigeonpea in semi-arid southern and Eastern Africa. Plant and Soil, 295(1-2): 127-136
Anjum, M. A., Qasim, S.A., Ahmad,S. and Hussain, S. (2015). Assessment of advantages of pea and non-legume winter vegetable intercropping systems through competition and economic indices. Experimental Agriculture, 51 (03): 327-343
Awal, M.A., Pramanik, M.H.R.and Hossen M.A.(2007). Interspecies competition, growth and yield in barley-peanut intercropping. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 6: 577-584
Eskandari, H., Ghanbari, A. and Javanmard, A. (2009). Inter-cropping of cereals and legumes for forage production. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 1:9-13
Gao, Y. and Wu, P. (2014). Growth, yield, and nitrogen use in the wheat/maize intercropping system in an arid region of northwestern China. Field Crops Research, 167: 19-30
Gebru, H.(2015). A Review on the comparative advantages of intercropping to mono-cropping system. Journal of Biol-ogy, Agriculture and Healthcare, 5 (9):1-13
Ghosh. P.K., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Wanjari, R.H., Manna, M.C., Misra, A.K., Mohanty, M. and Subba Rao, A. (2007).Legume effect for enhancing productivity and nutrient use-efficiency in major cropping systems– an indian perspective: A Review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 30(1) :59-86
Giri, S .( 2002). Intercropping in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata.). M.Sc. Thesis. BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Guvenc ,I. and Yildirim,E. (2006). Increasing productivity with intercropping systems in cabbage production. J ournal of Sustainable Agriculture, 28(4): 29-44
Hadidi, N., Sharaiha , R. and Debei, H.A. (2011). Effect of intercropping on the performance of some summer vegetable crops grown under different row arrange-ments. Lucrari Stiin?ifice, 54:11-17
Hall, R.L. (1974). Analysis of the nature of interference be-tween plants of different species. 1. Concept and extension of the dewit analysis to examine effects. Australian Jour-nal of Agricultural Research, 25 : 739-747
Hugar, H. Y. and Palled, Y. B. (2008). Effect of intercropped vegetables on maize and associated weeds in maize-vegetable intercropping systems. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 21:159-161
Hussain, S.A. 2003. Growth, yield and economic impacts of intercropping in vegetables. Ph.D thesis, NWFP Agri-cultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan pp. 165
Jackson, M. L. (1967). Soil Chemical Analysis , prentice, hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi,India, pp: 497-503
Jackson, M. L. (1973.) Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. Publisher, New Delhi, pp: 497-503
Jiulan, Gou., Ruifeng, S., Jiafang, H.E., Song, Q., Houjun, X., Ruirong, Z. and Ling, Y. (2011). Effect of different crop-ping patterns and nitrogenous fertilizer forms on potato yield and quality. Chinese Potato Journal, 1:36-41
John, S.A. and Mini.C. (2005). Biological efficiency of inter-cropping in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 43 (1-2): 33-36
Li, Long., Li, Shu-Min., Sun, Jian-Hao ., Zhou, Li-Li., Bao, Xing-Guo., Zhang, Hong-Gang. and Zhang, Fu-Suo.(2007). Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol., 104 : 11193
Lithourgidis, A.S., Dordas, C.A. and Damalas, D.N. V. (2011). Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(4): 396-410
Lyocks, S.W.J., Tanimu, J. and Dauji, L.Z.(2013). Growth and yield parameters of ginger as influenced by varying populations of maize intercrop. Journal of Agicul-tural and Crop Research, 1(2):24-29.
McGilchrist, C. A. (1965). Analysis of competition experi-ment. Biometrics, 21 : 975-985
Nasri, R., Kashani, A., Barary, M., Paknejad, F. and Vazan, S. (2014). Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and the productivity of wheat in double cropping system under different rates of nitrogen. International Journal of Bioscience, 4(4): 184-193
Nayek,T. (2001). Intercropping in cabbage (Brassica ol-eracea L. var. capitata.). M.Sc.Thesis. BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Panse, V. G. and Sukhatme P. V. (2000). Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR Publications, New Delhi, India.
Qasim, S.A., Anjum, M.A., Hussain, S. and Ahmad, S.(2013). Effect of pea intercropping on biological effi-ciencies and economics of some non-legume winter vegetables .Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 50(3):399-406
Ranganna, S. (1986). Analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products. 2nd edition. Tata.Mc Graw-Hill publishing company Ltd. New Delhi,India.
Rahman, M., Rahman, M. H. M., Haque, M. E. and Naber, K.S. (2006) Banana-based intercropping system in Northern part of Bangladesh. Journal of Agronomy, 5 (2): 228-231
Sharma, A., Sharma, J.J. Rana, M.C. and Sonia, D. (2006). Evaluation of Phaseolus vulgaris as intercrop with vegetables for enhancing productivity system and prof-itability under high hill dry temperate conditions of north-western Himalayas. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 76 (1): 29—32
Taha, E. M. and El-Mahdy, A.M. (2014). Land equivalent ratio as a reference for relative crowding coefficient and aggressivity of intercropped plant species. Middle East Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(3): 576-585
Thapa ,A. (2015). Effect of intercropping on garlic (Allium sativum L.). M.Sc.Thesis. UBKV, Pundibari, West Bengal, India.
Undie, U. L., Uwah, D.F. and Attoe, E. E. (2012). Effect of intercropping and crop arrangement on yield and pro-ductivity of late season maize/soybean mixtures in the humid environment of South Southern Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(4):37-50
Varghese, L. L. (2000). Indicators of production sustainability in intercropped vegetable farming in montmorillonite soils in Indian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 16:5-17
Willey, R. W. (1979). Intercropping- its importance and research need. Competition and yield advantages. Field crops abstracts, 32 (1):1-10
Willey, R.W. and Rao, M. R. (1980). A systematic design to examine effects of plant population and spatial arrange-ment in intercropping, illustrated by an experiment on chickpea/safflower. Experimental Agriculture, 17:63-73
Yildirim, E. and Guvenc, I. (2003). Intercropping based on cauliflower: more productive, profitable and highly sus-tainable. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 79(2):135-137
Yilmaz, S., Atak, M. and Erayman, M. (2008). Identification of advantages of maize-legume intercropping over soli-tary cropping through competition indices in the East Mediterranean Region. Turkey Journal of Agriculture, 32: 111-19.
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Intercropping in cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L.var. capitata f.) for growth, yield, quality and sustainable soil health under foothills of Eastern himalayan region. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(4), 1740-1747. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1033
