Impact of organic techniques of seed crop management on seed yield and quality in rice
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Abstract
A study was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore in June - July season of two different years to find out suitable organics for enhanced productivity of rice cv ADT 43 for organic seed production. The results revealed among the organic soil application of neem cake (1786 kg ha-1) along with 3 per cent panchakavya foliar spray maximized the yield along with yield attributing characters (plant height, total number of tillers hill-1, productive tillers hill-1, chlorophyll content, panicle length) and resultant organic seed quality characters. However, the yield was higher with basal nutrients applied as inorganic (3537 kg ha-1 in initial and 4352 kg ha-1 in confirmation), which was on par with neem cake + panchakavya (3500 kg ha-1 in initial and 4315 kg ha-1 in confirmation), GLM + azolla (3380 kg ha-1 in initial) and GLM + azolla + panchakavya (4213 kg ha-1 in confirmation) treatments and sprayed with panchakavya at vegetative, flowering and maturity. These findings are highly useful for paddy organic seed production programme.
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Keywords
Organic manures, Organic seed production, Quality seeds, Rice
References
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Anonymous. (2011). National Conference on Agriculture for Kharif Compaign-2011, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. New Delhi, India. pp 1; 57-67.
Anonymous. (2013). State of Indian Agriculture 2012-2013, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, New Delhi, pp 14-15.
Chandgiram, R.K., Choudhury. and Singh, I. (1987). Farm universities – status of wheat seed production. Seeds and Farms, 13(1): 39-40.
De Datta, S.K. (1981). Principles and practices of rice production. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 618.
Dutta, G.C. (1979). Seed quality studies in some important cultivars of rice. M.Sc.(Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Hattb, O.K. (1995). Studies on the combined effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources of nutrient release, yield and quality of rice. Ph.D., Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Hodge, J.E. and Hofreiter, B.T. (1962). Determination of reducing sugars and carbohydrates. I. Analysis and preparation of sugars. Methods in carbohydrate chemistry. Ed. By. R.L. Whistler and J.N. Beniller. Academis Press, New York. London.
ISTA. (1999). International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Sci. & Technol., Supplement Rules. 27: 25-30.
Kenchaiah, K. (1997). Organic farming studies in rice. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Kittock, P,A. and Law, A.G. (1968). Relationship of seedling vigour to respiration and tetrazolium chloride reduction of germinating wheat seeds. Agron. J., 60: 286-288.
Koyama, T. (1975). Practice of determining potential nitrogen supplying capacities of paddy soils and rice yield. J. Sci. Soil Manure, 46: 260-269.
Krishnappa, A.M., Gajanana, C.N. and Ananthanarayana, R. (1993). Accent on integrated nutrient management for sustainable soil fertility Dr. S.V. Govinda Rajan memorial seminar on land, people and environment. 19, (March), pp. 19-24.
Krishnasamy, V. and Seshu, D.V. (1990). Alpha amylase activity in relation to seed vigour in rice. Proc. Int. Conf. Seed Sci. & Technol., New Delhi. p. 88.
Kumaravelu, G. and Kadamban, D. (2009). Panchagavya and its effect on the growth of the greengram cultivar K- 851. Int. J. Plant Sci., 4(2):409-414.
Mader, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P. and Niggli, U. (2002). Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming. Science 296 : 1694–1697.
Mary V. G. (2007). Organic production/ organic food: Information assess tools, June 2007 from www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/ofp/ofp.shtml
Matsushima, S. (1980). Rice cultivation for Million. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, pp. 260-275.
Mishra, S.N. and Srivastava, H.S. (1983). Role of inorganic nitrogen in the synthesis and degradation of chlorophyll and carotenoids in maize leaves. Biologia plantarum, 25 (1): 21-27.
Natarajan, K. (2002). Panchakavya – A manual. Other India Press, Mapusa, Goa, India, p. 33.
Padmapriya, S., Kumanan, K. and Rajamani, K. (2010). Studies on effect of organic amendments and bio-stimulants on morphology, yield and quality of Gymnema sylvestre. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(13), pp. 1655-1661.
Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1999). In: Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR, Publication, New Delhi, pp. 327-340.
Piper, C.S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis. International Science Publishers. Inc., New York.
Saritha,M., Vijayakumari, B., Yadav, H.R. and Kandari, L.S. (2013). Influence of Selected Organic Manures on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub). Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J., 2(2):16-21.
Sebastian, P.S. (2005). Impact of organic farming practice on soil health yield and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). M.Sc. (Ens) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Sen, P.K. and Bose, T.C. (1959). Effect of growth regulating substances on rice. Indian Agrist., 36(1): 13-16.
Shakuntala, N.M., Vasudevanm, S.N., Patil, S.B., Doddagoudar, S.R., Macha, R.C.M.S.I. and Vijaykumar, A.G. (2012). Organic biopriming on seed vigour inducing enzyme in paddy - An alternative to inorganics. Ecoscan, 1:251-257.
Simpson. and Naylor. (1962). Dormancy studies in seeds of Avena fatua – 3. A relationship between maltose, amylose and gibberellin. Can J. Bot., 40: 1599-1673.
Somasundaram, E. (2003). Evaluation of organic sources of nutrient and Panchagavya spray on the growth and productivity of maize-sunflower-green gram system. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Sridhar, S., Arumugasamy, S., Vijayalakshmi, K. and Balasubramanian, A.V. (2001). Vikshayurveda : Ayureveda for plant – A user manual, Clarion 1: 6.
Srimathi, P., Mariappan, N., Sundaramoorthy, L. and Paramathma, M. (2013). Efficacy of Panchagavya on seed invigoration of biofuel crops. Scientific Research and Essays, 8(41) : 2031-2037.
Tonkin, J.H.B. (1969). Seedling evaluation. The use of soil tests. Proc. Intl. Seed Test. Ass., 34: 281-289.
Unbreit, W.W., Burris. R.H. and Stanferr, J.F. (1964). Cherry fruit development : The use of micro assay for studying IAA oxidase, Manometeric techniques. Pl. Growth Reg. , 2: 57-64.
Venkataramani, G. (2002). Policies need to be farmer – friendly. Survey of Indian Agriculture, pp.5.
Viswanathan, R., Pandiyarajan, T. and Varadaraju, N. (1997). Physical and mechanical properties of tomato fruits related to pulping. J. Food Sci. Technol., 34(6):
Yoshida, S., Forno, D.A., Cock, J.H. and Gomez, K.A. (1972). Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl., (Phillipines). pp. 70.
Anonymous. (2011). National Conference on Agriculture for Kharif Compaign-2011, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. New Delhi, India. pp 1; 57-67.
Anonymous. (2013). State of Indian Agriculture 2012-2013, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, New Delhi, pp 14-15.
Chandgiram, R.K., Choudhury. and Singh, I. (1987). Farm universities – status of wheat seed production. Seeds and Farms, 13(1): 39-40.
De Datta, S.K. (1981). Principles and practices of rice production. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 618.
Dutta, G.C. (1979). Seed quality studies in some important cultivars of rice. M.Sc.(Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Hattb, O.K. (1995). Studies on the combined effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources of nutrient release, yield and quality of rice. Ph.D., Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Hodge, J.E. and Hofreiter, B.T. (1962). Determination of reducing sugars and carbohydrates. I. Analysis and preparation of sugars. Methods in carbohydrate chemistry. Ed. By. R.L. Whistler and J.N. Beniller. Academis Press, New York. London.
ISTA. (1999). International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Sci. & Technol., Supplement Rules. 27: 25-30.
Kenchaiah, K. (1997). Organic farming studies in rice. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Kittock, P,A. and Law, A.G. (1968). Relationship of seedling vigour to respiration and tetrazolium chloride reduction of germinating wheat seeds. Agron. J., 60: 286-288.
Koyama, T. (1975). Practice of determining potential nitrogen supplying capacities of paddy soils and rice yield. J. Sci. Soil Manure, 46: 260-269.
Krishnappa, A.M., Gajanana, C.N. and Ananthanarayana, R. (1993). Accent on integrated nutrient management for sustainable soil fertility Dr. S.V. Govinda Rajan memorial seminar on land, people and environment. 19, (March), pp. 19-24.
Krishnasamy, V. and Seshu, D.V. (1990). Alpha amylase activity in relation to seed vigour in rice. Proc. Int. Conf. Seed Sci. & Technol., New Delhi. p. 88.
Kumaravelu, G. and Kadamban, D. (2009). Panchagavya and its effect on the growth of the greengram cultivar K- 851. Int. J. Plant Sci., 4(2):409-414.
Mader, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P. and Niggli, U. (2002). Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming. Science 296 : 1694–1697.
Mary V. G. (2007). Organic production/ organic food: Information assess tools, June 2007 from www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/ofp/ofp.shtml
Matsushima, S. (1980). Rice cultivation for Million. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, pp. 260-275.
Mishra, S.N. and Srivastava, H.S. (1983). Role of inorganic nitrogen in the synthesis and degradation of chlorophyll and carotenoids in maize leaves. Biologia plantarum, 25 (1): 21-27.
Natarajan, K. (2002). Panchakavya – A manual. Other India Press, Mapusa, Goa, India, p. 33.
Padmapriya, S., Kumanan, K. and Rajamani, K. (2010). Studies on effect of organic amendments and bio-stimulants on morphology, yield and quality of Gymnema sylvestre. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(13), pp. 1655-1661.
Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1999). In: Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR, Publication, New Delhi, pp. 327-340.
Piper, C.S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis. International Science Publishers. Inc., New York.
Saritha,M., Vijayakumari, B., Yadav, H.R. and Kandari, L.S. (2013). Influence of Selected Organic Manures on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub). Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J., 2(2):16-21.
Sebastian, P.S. (2005). Impact of organic farming practice on soil health yield and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). M.Sc. (Ens) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Sen, P.K. and Bose, T.C. (1959). Effect of growth regulating substances on rice. Indian Agrist., 36(1): 13-16.
Shakuntala, N.M., Vasudevanm, S.N., Patil, S.B., Doddagoudar, S.R., Macha, R.C.M.S.I. and Vijaykumar, A.G. (2012). Organic biopriming on seed vigour inducing enzyme in paddy - An alternative to inorganics. Ecoscan, 1:251-257.
Simpson. and Naylor. (1962). Dormancy studies in seeds of Avena fatua – 3. A relationship between maltose, amylose and gibberellin. Can J. Bot., 40: 1599-1673.
Somasundaram, E. (2003). Evaluation of organic sources of nutrient and Panchagavya spray on the growth and productivity of maize-sunflower-green gram system. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Sridhar, S., Arumugasamy, S., Vijayalakshmi, K. and Balasubramanian, A.V. (2001). Vikshayurveda : Ayureveda for plant – A user manual, Clarion 1: 6.
Srimathi, P., Mariappan, N., Sundaramoorthy, L. and Paramathma, M. (2013). Efficacy of Panchagavya on seed invigoration of biofuel crops. Scientific Research and Essays, 8(41) : 2031-2037.
Tonkin, J.H.B. (1969). Seedling evaluation. The use of soil tests. Proc. Intl. Seed Test. Ass., 34: 281-289.
Unbreit, W.W., Burris. R.H. and Stanferr, J.F. (1964). Cherry fruit development : The use of micro assay for studying IAA oxidase, Manometeric techniques. Pl. Growth Reg. , 2: 57-64.
Venkataramani, G. (2002). Policies need to be farmer – friendly. Survey of Indian Agriculture, pp.5.
Viswanathan, R., Pandiyarajan, T. and Varadaraju, N. (1997). Physical and mechanical properties of tomato fruits related to pulping. J. Food Sci. Technol., 34(6):
Yoshida, S., Forno, D.A., Cock, J.H. and Gomez, K.A. (1972). Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl., (Phillipines). pp. 70.
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Impact of organic techniques of seed crop management on seed yield and quality in rice. (2014). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2), 857-868. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.546
